Self Disclosure (SD)
- Created by: neuronalnerd
- Created on: 01-09-20 17:25
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- Self Disclosure (SD)
- Jourard: SD = important process in developing romantic relationships
- Greater SD = greater feelings of intimacy
- Ppl reveal more intimate info to those they like, and like those that they reveal it to (Collins & Miller)
- Key study: Sprecher et al
- Interested whether reciprocal SD was more influential in determining attraction than one-sided SD
- 156 undergrads paired, began SD task over skype
- Researchers assessed liking, closeness, perceived similarity and enjoyment
- Ratings of categories were higher in reciprocal group. Level of SD received was better predictor of liking than SD given
- Altman & Taylor's Social Penetration Theory
- Reciprocal exchange of info between partners = deeper understanding
- When one reveals info, this indicates trust, to further this, the other must also reveal info
- As each partner reveals more, partners 'penetrate more deeply into each other's lives' forming a deeper connection
- Altman & Taylor's Breadth & Depth Model
- Start of a relationship = reveal superficial info
- Reveal too much too soon = threatens the relationship
- As relationship develops, SD = deeper
- Feel secure, reveal intimate, high risk info
- As relationship develops, SD = deeper
- Reveal too much too soon = threatens the relationship
- Start of a relationship = reveal superficial info
- Importance of reciprocity: Reis & Shaver
- Once you decide to disclose something, hopefully your partner will respond in a rewarding way
- Key is that there must be a balance of SD between partners
- This increases feelings of intimacy and deepens the relationship
- Key is that there must be a balance of SD between partners
- Once you decide to disclose something, hopefully your partner will respond in a rewarding way
- Evaluation
- Sprecher & Hendrick: studied heterosexual dating couples, found a +ve correlation between several measures of relationship satisfaction and SD
- The reverse was also true - less intimate couples SD less
- SD can help those who want to improve comunication in relationships to increase intimacy
- Hass & Stafford = 57% gay ppl said open & honest SD maintained relationship
- Social penetration theory claims relationships are more intimate as SD deepens & broadens, but according to theories of relationship breakdown, couples discuss their deteriorating relationship in an attempt to save it
- These discussions frequently involve deep SD and yet may not be enough to save the relationship
- Western cultures engage in more intimate SD than non-western
- Tang et al: reviewed research regarding sexual SD, concluded people in USA disclose significantly more than people in China
- We feel more anonymous online, giving us greater comfort to reveal more about ourselves, so relationships formed online will have higher SD
- Cooper & Sportolari = 'boom & bust' phenomenon. Reveal more online more quickly = 'boom', trust isn't there so difficult to sustain = 'bust'
- However, Knop et al challenge this, suggesting ppl disclose more FtF, due to eye contact and attentive silence, both of which are absent online
- Cooper & Sportolari = 'boom & bust' phenomenon. Reveal more online more quickly = 'boom', trust isn't there so difficult to sustain = 'bust'
- Sprecher & Hendrick: studied heterosexual dating couples, found a +ve correlation between several measures of relationship satisfaction and SD
- Jourard: SD = important process in developing romantic relationships
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