SEE: Water: 5.6B

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  • 5.6B: Climate change impact on stores and flows
    • Snow/glacier mass
      • Glaciers have retreated rapidly since 1970s
        • 2020 was the 33rd year in a row that glaciers have retreated
      • This is due to rapid temp increase and change in precipitation type (more rain than snow)
    • Reservoirs/lakes
      • Regional variations in lakes and reservoirs has been linked to regional changes in climate e.g. Lake Chad
    • Permafrost
      • There is permafrost degradation at higher latitudes due to increased warming
      • This leads to a positive feedback cycle, as methane is released when it melts and therefore accelerates change
    • Soil moisture
      • Ambiguous what will happen, prediction is that as precipitation increases so will soil moisture
    • Runoff/streamflow
      • 1 degree rise in temp could increase global runoff by 40%
      • There will be more hydrological extemes: low flows (droughts) and high flows (floods)
      • An accelerated cycle with more intense rainfall will increase run-off rates and reduce infiltration
      • There are marked decreases in run-off and stream flow in Africa and Mediterranean

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