SEE: Water: 5.6A

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  • 5.6A: Climate change impacting the hydrological cycle
    • Effects on inputs (precipitation)
      • Climate change may lead to increased precipitation in some areas
        • E.g. the Sahel region has had 5 wetter years since 1996, meaning there has been an increase in inputs in the local hydrological cycle
          • This has had positives such as the regreening of the land
            • This increases productive farmland, yield, as well as the natural regeneration of water-retaining shrubs
      • Tropical storms will also increase in frequency, as sea temps will rise
      • Could reduce precipitation in areas used to high rainfall
        • Intensity of heat waves has increased widely, especially in southern Europe and southern Asia, leading to greater drought occurence
        • E.g. climate change is causing an increase in frequency of droughts in California
          • Surface runoff an soil moisture levels declining, meaning forested areas are becoming grassland
          • Snowpack levels at all time low in 2015, they provide 1/3 of California's water
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    • Effects on outputs (evaporation)
      • Areas that see a rise in temperature will see an increase in evaporation
        • Evaporation in large areas of Asia and North America is increasing
      • If there is a decrease in temperature, these areas will see a reduction in evaporation

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