SEE: Glaciation: 2A.11A
- Created by: MaggieNaylor
- Created on: 28-03-22 10:32
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- 2A.11A: Natural and human threats to glaciated landscapes
- Natural
- Avalanches
- Incidence of avalanches increases as number of skiers increases
- Avalanches occur when stress exceeds the strength of a mass of snow
- They kill 200 people a year in the Alps
- Glacial outburst floods
- Powerful flood causes by the sudden discharge of a lake dammed by a moraine
- What causes them?
- Climate warming causing an ice dam to melt
- Breakdown of ice dam due to tectonic activity
- Avalanche into lake causes water to rise over the dam
- E.g. E-15 eruption in Iceland 2010 caused jokulhlaups
- Avalanches
- Human
- Leisure and tourism
- Increase in skiing leads to an increase in avalanches
- Destroys the ecosystem, the damage done is irreversible as the damaged plants will never recover
- Rising number of tourists have caused damage to the fragile ecology (due to ski resort facilities, trampling, litter)
- Tourism in other cold environments is growing e.g. Extreme tourism in Antarctica
- Antarctica is even more fragile, foreign objects entering it can have catastrophic impacts
- 2007 MS Explorer Crash
- Antarctica is even more fragile, foreign objects entering it can have catastrophic impacts
- Increase in skiing leads to an increase in avalanches
- Reservoir construction
- Construction of dams and reservoirs leading to major changes to the landscape and hydrology of areas
- Urbanisation
- Deforestation for settlements/resources leading to soil erosion and landslides
- Deforestation for farming led to the 2015 avalanches in Sagarmatha
- Increasing air pollution levels are also rising as vehicle numbers (this links to other causes too)
- Development of ski resorts increases urbanisation
- Deforestation for settlements/resources leading to soil erosion and landslides
- Resource exploitation
- Polar and periglacial environments are rich in minerals and oil, and are exploited
- Oil exploitation damages via the infrastructure that comes with it, and oil spills
- Leisure and tourism
- Threats to TLD: tourism due to raffic, seasonal jobs, increased housing demand, and climate change causing wetter weather
- Natural
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