Section 1: Cell Structure
These are just notes which help me
- Created by: stephloupoole
- Created on: 07-04-14 16:11
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- Section 1: Cell Structure
- Cells and Organelles
- two Main Types of organism
- Prokaryotic
- are smaller ans simpler single celled organisms
- extremely small cells 2 micrometers
- DNA is Circular
- there is NO nucleus
- Cell wall is made of a polysaccharide
- very few organelles NO mitochondia
- Small Ribosomes
- are smaller ans simpler single celled organisms
- Prokaryotic
- two Main Types of organism
- Organelles Working Together
- 1) Proteins are made at the RIBOSOMES
- 2)the Ribosomes on the RER make proteins that are excreted or attached to the cell membrane. the free ribosomes in the cytoplasm make proteins that stay in the cytoplasm
- 3) New proteins produced at the RER are folded and processed in the RER
- 4) Then they're transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the golgi apparatus in vesiccles
- 5) at the golgi apparatus, the proteins may undergo further processing
- 6) the proteins enter more vesicles to be transported around the cell
- 5) at the golgi apparatus, the proteins may undergo further processing
- 4) Then they're transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the golgi apparatus in vesiccles
- 3) New proteins produced at the RER are folded and processed in the RER
- 2)the Ribosomes on the RER make proteins that are excreted or attached to the cell membrane. the free ribosomes in the cytoplasm make proteins that stay in the cytoplasm
- 1) Proteins are made at the RIBOSOMES
- Microscopes
- Light
- Light Microscopes use Light
- They have a lower resolution than electron microscopes
- 0.2 micrometers
- the maximum useful magnification is x1500
- Electron
- Transmission Electron Microscope
- use eletromagnets to focus a beam of electrons
- maximum magnification is more than x1 000 000
- Scanning Electron Microscope
- scan a beam of electrons accross the specimen
- maximum resolution is 0.005 micrometer
- maximum magnification is less than x 1 000 000
- Transmission Electron Microscope
- magnification equation
- Stains
- for the light microscope this means using some kind of dye,
- common stains are methylene blue and eosin.
- the stain is taken up by some parts of the object more than others - the contrast makes the different parts show up
- common stains are methylene blue and eosin.
- for the light microscope this means using some kind of dye,
- Light
- Cells and Organelles
- Eukaryotic
- two Main Types of organism
- Prokaryotic
- are smaller ans simpler single celled organisms
- extremely small cells 2 micrometers
- DNA is Circular
- there is NO nucleus
- Cell wall is made of a polysaccharide
- very few organelles NO mitochondia
- Small Ribosomes
- are smaller ans simpler single celled organisms
- Prokaryotic
- are complex and include all animal and plant cells
- Animal cells
- Plant cells
- have the same organelles as animal cells with a few extra
- Cell Wall
- Vacuole
- Chloroplasts
- have the same organelles as animal cells with a few extra
- two Main Types of organism
- Nucleus
- makes
- Ribosome
- Attached to RER or Free Floating
- RER
- Attached to RER or Free Floating
- Ribosome
- Cytoplasm
- Attached to RER or Free Floating
- RER
- Lysosome
- Vesicle
- Formed by endoplasmic reticuilum and golgi apparatus or the cell surface membrane
- SER
- Golgi Apparatus
- makes
- Lysosome
- makes
- Plasma (Cell Surface) Membrane
- Formed by endoplasmic reticuilum and golgi apparatus or the cell surface membrane
- Mitochondrion
- Golgi Apparatus
- makes
- makes
- SER
- Attached to RER or Free Floating
- contains
- Nucleolus
- Nuclear Envelope
- makes
- fro the electron microscope, objects are dipped in a solution of heavy metals. the metal ions scatter the electrons, again creating contrast
- the stain is taken up by some parts of the object more than others - the contrast makes the different parts show up
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