Section 1 Bio BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES


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  • Created by: HNMasood
  • Created on: 02-04-22 17:11
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  • Biological Molecules
    • Lipids
      • roles:  energy storage mol, bilayer of cell mem-ctrls what comes in & out
      • emulsion test: dslve solid smple in ethanol, + equal vol H2O, shake, +ive...milky-white emul forms
      • tryglyce.: cond reac=ester bond+H2O mol, energy storage mol, glycerol+3 F.A,insol.so dont affect T. H.phobic tail,H.phyllic head.long h.carbon tail contains lots chem energy
      • Phospholip.: bilayer of cell mem. 2 F.A+phosph grp+glycerol, bilayer cent=h.phob, barrier
    • Carbs
      • Pollysacch.: POLYMER monosacc bond via glyco.
        • Starch
          • Iodine Test: + iodine dissolved in pottas.iodide soln, +ive...BROWNY/ORANGE -- BLUE/BLACK
        • Glycogen: energy,a-glucose,compact,branched,quick energy release&gd store
        • Cellulose: long,unbranched,B-glucose,straight chains,H-bnds,struct.supp,eg.cell wall
      • Monosacch.: MONOMER
        • Glucose: a-gluc..DDUD b-gluc..UDUD
        • Fructose
        • Galactose
      • Disacch.: 2 monosacc, glyco bond
        • Maltose: a-gluc+a-gluc
        • Lactose: Gluc+Galac
        • Red-Sugar test: add BLU BenRe,heat,+ive...BRICK RED PPT COPPER (I) OXIDE.blu.gree.yel.ora,b.red
        • Sucrose: gluc+fruct
          • Non-Red sugar test: red.sug.test= -ive: + dil.HCL, heat, neut w/ Na hydcarbonate....RedSug test AGAIN
            • HCL to break into monosacch's
    • Protiens
      • Biuret Test: NaHydrox soln=make alkaline soln, + Cu(II)sulfate, shake,+ive....BLU--VIOLET
      • Enzymes: speed up chem reac by acting and bio catalysts
        • Inhibition: comp inhib-block AS..noncomp inhib-binds away from AS alters AS shape
        • Activation Energy: Enzy lower this in reaction
        • Specific Active site: only 1 comlement subs will fit
          • Induced fit: as subs binds AS changes shape slightly
            • ESC
        • Enzyme Action
          • Conc
          • pH: pH opt exceeded, enzy denature
          • Temp: temp opt exceeded, enzy denat
      • Amino Acid: MONOMER, dipep=2AA,polypep=2+AA, prot=1+polyp
      • Primary/2ndary/tertiary/quaternary Struct: P-seq AA in polypep chain..S-Hbond, aHelix coil, bpleated sheet..T-Hbond,disulf bridges, ionic bonds..Q-sevral polypep chains hld by bonds
    • Nucleic Acids
      • Nucleotides: polynucleotides..polymer
        • ATP: Adenosine TriPhosphate..breaks into ADP
        • DNA: DeoxyriboNucleic Acid-store genet info, grow&develop, DEOXYribos sug
          • Semicons Replication: DNA helicase, Hbonds, Polynucleotid, unwind, expose bases, OG single strand, template, comp base pair, free nucleotides, cond reaction, DNA polym, form Hbonds, 2 DNA mols, 1 OG strand&1 new.
        • RNA: RiboNucleic Acid-protien synthesis, ribose sug
    • Water
      • Polar, metabolite, Hi L.H.V, buffer temp, solvent, cohesion
    • Inorganic Ions
      • Fe ions-haemaglobin, H ions-pH, Na ions-trnsprt glucose&AA across cell mem., Phospht ions- component of ATP&DNA
    • Condensat/Hydrolysis: cond- 2 mols join, MAKES  glyco bond + 1 mol water. Hyd- braks chemical bond, USES 1 water mol

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