Science: Communicable Diseases

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  • Created by: Ghinn
  • Created on: 28-05-20 17:21
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  • Science: Communicable Diseases
    • About communicable Diseases
      • Transmittable/ infectious
        • Droplets in the air
          • Released through sneezing and coughing
        • Physical contact
          • Spread through actions such as hugging/ touching somebody with the disease/ pathogen
        • Contact with contaminated surfaces
      • Caused by pathogens
        • Virus
        • Bacteria
        • Fungi
      • Examples of communicable diseases
        • Common cold
        • Smallpox
        • Syphilis
        • Flu
    • About non-communicable Diseases
      • Examples of non-communicable diseases
        • Diabetes
        • Cancer
      • Not infections: can't be directly transmitted from one person to another
        • However, they can be caught through parasites or insect carriers
          • For example, malaria, Malaria isn't contagious and you can't catch it from physical contact with others that are suffering from it; instead, it is transmitted by insect carriers.
    • How health problems interact
      • Underlying health issues
        • if somebody already has an underlying health issue then they have a higher chance of catching or developing another disease. This can also impact survival chances
      • Lifestyle: bad lifestyle choices can impact health
        • Smoking
        • Too much alcohol
        • Unbalanced diet (can lead to obesity)
        • Not enough exercise
    • First line of defence
      • The skin
        • Forms an anti-microbial secretion to protect itself
      • Cillia
        • Goblet cells make sticky mucus to trap particles and bacteria then the cilia act like a brush and sweep them away
      • Stomach acid
        • Contains hydrochloric acid which kills the pathogens
      • Tears, mucus and saliva
        • Contain enzymes which can break down the cell wall of most harmful bacteria
    • Second line of defence
      • Immune system
    • Ignaz Semmelweis
      • He wasn't believed at the time because his theory went against the one at the time and doctors didn't want to be responsible for deaths.
      • Evidence of his work still exists today. Some examples of this include the fact that hygiene and hand washing is much more important and equipment is sterilised.
      • Found out that the number of cases of puerperal fever (or child-bed fever) greatly decreased when the doctors washed their hands before treating the patients.
        • He made the doctors wash their hands in chlorinated lime and cases decreased by 90%.

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