Schizophrenia
- Created by: Melissawong
- Created on: 12-02-21 12:36
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- Schizophrenia
- Diagnosis and Classification
- DSM-5 requires one +ve symptom must be present
- ICD-10 requires two or more -ve symptoms needed for dignosis
- Positive and Negative Symptoms
- Low Validity
- Cheniaux's Study
- Low Reliability
- Gender and Cultural bias
- Co-morbidity and Symptom Overlap
- Biological Explanations
- Genetic - Gottesman and Ripke
- Mz twins - 50% shared risk. Dz twins - 17% shared risk. Siblings - 9% shared risk
- Ripke - 108 candidate genes
- Dopamine hypothesis
- Hyperdopaminergia - high dopamine levels in subcortex
- Hypodopaminergia - low dopamine levels in pre-frontal cortex.
- Neural Correlates - Avolition + ventral striatum. Hallucinations + superior temporal gyrus
- Genetic - Gottesman and Ripke
- Psychological Explations
- Family dysfunction
- Fromm-Reichmann's Schizophrenogenic mothers are cold and rejecting
- Double bind theory - conflicting family dysfunction
- Bateson
- Expressed emotions
- Criticisms may lead to relapse in patients
- Cognitive Explanations
- dysfunctional thought processing
- Metarepresentation leads to hallucinations
- Dysfunction of central control leads to speech poverty
- Family dysfunction
- Biological theories: Drug theory
- typical antipsychotics
- Dopamine antagonists - reduce action of dopamine and reduces symptoms such as hallucinations and chlorpromazine - calms patients when anxious
- Atypical antipsychotics
- Targets dopamine and serotonin - clozapine and risperidone
- typical antipsychotics
- Psychological therapies for Sz
- CBT - identifies and change irrational thoughts and helps patients understand their symptoms
- Family therapies - reduce EE in family and improve family function
- Token economy - reinforce behaviours (operant conditioning)
- Interactionists approach
- Diathesis-stress model: vulnerability + trigger = Sz
- Stress is anything that triggers Sz
- Meehl's model - the schizogene but now has been rejected
- Diathesis doesn't need to be genetic - psychological trauma affecting brain
- Antipsychotics medication and CBT
- Diathesis-stress model: vulnerability + trigger = Sz
- Diagnosis and Classification
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