Schizophrenia

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  • Created by: Kristina_
  • Created on: 23-04-20 13:00
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  • Schizophrenia
    • Diagnostic criteria
      • Two or more symptoms for a significant proportion of the time over 1 month
        • Delusions
        • Hallucinations
        • Disorganised/ incoherent speech
        • Abnormal psycho-motor behaviour
        • Negative symptoms, flattened affect, alogia, avolition
      • Symptoms
        • Positive
          • The presence of unusual perceptual and cognitive experiences
        • Negative
          • The absence or deficiency of unusual experiences such as apathy, poverty of speech
        • Disorganised
          • Confused/inappropriate speech, behaviour and cognitive processing
      • Issues
        • Schizophrenia is very variable with no single defining symptom
        • The schizoafective  category may contain distinct disorders; boundaries are unclear
        • Dimensional vs. Categorical models
    • Biological Models
      • Neurotrans-mitters
        • Excess or over-sensitive dopamine receptors
      • Brain activity
        • Reduced brain activation in people, especially prefrontal region
      • Neurology
        • Decreased cortical volume in temporal and frontal lobes
        • Decreased metabolic rated in prefrontal cortex
    • Cognitive Models
      • Jumping to conclusion reasoning bias
    • Psychological Models
      • Psychoanlytic schizoprehen-ogenic mother and double bind hypothesis
      • Family process models - high levels of negative expressed emotion may trigger relapse
    • Treatment
      • Psychological
        • Help reduce stress and risk of relapse
        • CBT helpful for both + and - symptoms
        • Cognitive Enhancement Therapy improved impaired cognitive functions
        • MCBT trialled
      • Biological
        • 1st gen. anti-psychotics act on dopamine receptors
          • Can have severe side effects on motor behaviour, tardive dyskinesia
        • 2nd gen. anti-psychotics Act on serotonin receptors and partially dopamine receptors
          • Have fewer motor side effects, but short-term side effects

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