Schizophrenia
- Created by: Kristina_
- Created on: 23-04-20 13:00
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- Schizophrenia
- Diagnostic criteria
- Two or more symptoms for a significant proportion of the time over 1 month
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganised/ incoherent speech
- Abnormal psycho-motor behaviour
- Negative symptoms, flattened affect, alogia, avolition
- Symptoms
- Positive
- The presence of unusual perceptual and cognitive experiences
- Negative
- The absence or deficiency of unusual experiences such as apathy, poverty of speech
- Disorganised
- Confused/inappropriate speech, behaviour and cognitive processing
- Positive
- Issues
- Schizophrenia is very variable with no single defining symptom
- The schizoafective category may contain distinct disorders; boundaries are unclear
- Dimensional vs. Categorical models
- Two or more symptoms for a significant proportion of the time over 1 month
- Biological Models
- Neurotrans-mitters
- Excess or over-sensitive dopamine receptors
- Brain activity
- Reduced brain activation in people, especially prefrontal region
- Neurology
- Decreased cortical volume in temporal and frontal lobes
- Decreased metabolic rated in prefrontal cortex
- Neurotrans-mitters
- Cognitive Models
- Jumping to conclusion reasoning bias
- Psychological Models
- Psychoanlytic schizoprehen-ogenic mother and double bind hypothesis
- Family process models - high levels of negative expressed emotion may trigger relapse
- Treatment
- Psychological
- Help reduce stress and risk of relapse
- CBT helpful for both + and - symptoms
- Cognitive Enhancement Therapy improved impaired cognitive functions
- MCBT trialled
- Biological
- 1st gen. anti-psychotics act on dopamine receptors
- Can have severe side effects on motor behaviour, tardive dyskinesia
- 2nd gen. anti-psychotics Act on serotonin receptors and partially dopamine receptors
- Have fewer motor side effects, but short-term side effects
- 1st gen. anti-psychotics act on dopamine receptors
- Psychological
- Diagnostic criteria
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