Schaffer's Stages of Attachment
- Created by: caitlyn.hole
- Created on: 28-06-17 08:26
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- Schaffer's Stages
- 60 Glasgow babies observed every month for the year, then at 18 months
- Mothers also given questionnaires
- Social desirability bias
- Researchers investigated stranger fear + separation anxiety
- Mothers also given questionnaires
- Stage 3: Specific attachments (from 7 months) is when babies show separation anxiety + stranger fear
- Specific attachment to primary caregiver
- Stage 1: Asocial stage (first few weeks) where baby's behaviour towards objects + humans is similar, with some preference for familiar adults
- Social smile at 6 weeks
- Stage 2: Indiscriminate attachments (2-7 months) when babies show preference for humans rather than objects, + recognise/ prefer familiar adults
- Do not show stranger fear + separation anxiety
- Stage 4: Multiple attachments (from 9 months) where babies extend attachment behaviours to various adults who they see regularly
- Secondary attachments - 29% had these within a month of having primary
- 25 - 30 weeks old - 50% showed separation anxiety, usually to mother
- By 40 weeks, 80% had specific attachment + 30% had multiple attachments
- High ecological/external validity as conducted in own homes
- Longitudinal design rather than cross-sectional - better internal validity due to lack of confounding variable (individual differences between Ps)
- Cultural relativism - in collectivist cultures, babies form multiple attachments from outset
- Found by van Ijzendoorn
- 60 Glasgow babies observed every month for the year, then at 18 months
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