S&P L12-13 (BIRMINGHAM POST-WAR)
- Created by: Hadley023
- Created on: 19-03-19 11:33
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- Post-War Birmingham
- Industrial decline
- Prosperous between 1950s-1960s. Unemployed below 1%.
- 1970-1983 - earnings dropped from highest in UK to almost the lowest.
- 1982 - employed at 19.4%.
- Industrial geography of the city changed.
- Economic change
- Global recessions in 1970s (oil crisis of 1973).
- Birmingham's traditional industries were already suffering from overseas competition from TNCs in countries with lower production costs.
- Global shift along with the oil crisis was very detrimental.
- Strikers within the car industry made Birmingham less attractive to potential investors.
- 1970s - UK car industry in decline as foreign cars became more popular.
- Manufacturing indsutries made up from small to medium enterprises were located in inner city areas - many industrial premises which were not affordable.
- Housing
- Large scale redevelopment saw 400 tower blocks built.
- 1945-1970 - 81,000 new dwellings built.
- Not all high rise and much better than the old slums.
- Redevelopment
- Following redevelopment, people were redistributed.
- Central zone cleared of residential land use.
- People relocated to estates such as Castle Vale to the NE.
- People moved to new towns such as Redditch.
- Flows of commuters from outer areas increased.
- Green belt
- National and local governments established a green belt around the city.
- Increased value of land adjacent to the belt to restrict outward expansion.
- Demography
- In-migration from Caribbean, S Asia and Far East. Clustered in areas of cheap housing.
- Growing service sector supplied low skilled jobs such as cleaners.
- Great diversity in food and clothing shops.
- Became a cosmopolitan city - Mosques and Temples built.
- Relatively youthful population - 38% are under 24, compared to 31% in the UK.
- People over 65 account for 13% compared to 16% in the UK.
- Industrial decline
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