Sampling and Experimental Design
- Created by: Molly Mack
- Created on: 05-12-19 18:27
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- Research Methods - Scientific Processes
- Experimental Design
- Independent Groups
- participants are allocated to different groups where each group represents an experimental condition
- eliminates order effects and participants are less likely to guess the aim
- participant variables can influence the results and it is less economical than repeated measures
- Repeated Measures
- all participants take part in all conditions
- fewer participants are needed and participants variables are controlled
- order effects (boredom / fatigue and practice) could alter results and participants are more likely to guess the aim
- Matched Pairs
- pairs of participants are matched on some variable that may affect the DV and then split into different conditions
- order effects eliminated and demand characteristic reduced
- Independent Groups
- Sampling Methods
- Random
- all members of the target population have an equal chance of being selected
- free from researcher bias
- difficult and time consuming to obtain list of whole target population
- may produce an unrepresentative sample
- Stratified
- the composition of the sample reflects that of the population considering the proportion of particular subgroups
- avoids researcher bias
- creates a representative samples that accurately reflects the population
- it is difficult to truly represent all subgroups
- Oppurtinity
- selecting people that are available and willing at the time
- very unrepresentative and so not generalisable
- it is very convenient for the researcher
- subject to researcher bias
- Systematic
- when every Nth member of the target population is selected
- avoids researcher bias
- usually fairly representative
- can be time consuming as a sampling frame needs to be produced
- Volunteer
- really easy and requires minimal input from the researcher
- less time consuming compared to other methods
- volunteer bias becomes an issue producing an unrepresentative sample
- involves people selecting themselves to take part in a study
- Random
- Experimental Design
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