Russification
- Created by: Bethgarrod
- Created on: 01-06-17 10:24
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- Russification
- Russo-Finish relations
- 1863 and 1865 Finland had seperate parliament and constitution.
- Under Nic II, Finland was fully Russified.
- Army was disbanded.
- Russian became the main language.
- Finnish secretariat of state was abolished
- In 1905, Finland gained full autonomy.
- But reneged by Stolypin in the same year.
- Gained independence in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
- PORK MUTINY 1922- Red Guards invaded the Finnish borders. The guards looted the property of the Finnish workers, before persuading them to join their Soviet battalion.
- Treaty of Tartu 1920- Finland gained land at expense of Karelia becoming independant.
- 1930s Stalin hindered merchant shipping.
- WINTER WAR 1939-1940= Finland refused to let Stalin set up naval bases in Finland. Stalin bombed Finnish capital. In total, 50,000 Soviets were killed.
- 1948 Treaty of Friendship signed between Finland and Russia.
- Baltic provinces
- Many Russians migrated to provinces due to better wages.
- Latvia was also becoming an important business centre.
- Russification was natural as economy increased.
- During WW2, 3 states annexed as part of 1936 constitution.
- Mass deportations of Baltic population as Stalin feared they were helping the Nazis.
- Many Russians migrated to provinces due to better wages.
- The Jews
- Alex II- Pale of settlement. regions where Jews were allowed.
- Alex III and Nic II prosecuted Jews.
- Alex III blamed Jews for the Ignatiev memorandum so a mini-pogrom occurred. (massacre of Jews)
- But Nic II allowed Jews to sit at the Duma
- Repressive measures towards Jews:
- Confined to Pale of Settlement
- Banned Jews from purchasing land.
- No Jew could hold a senior position in military or medicine.
- Removed from the electoral register in Zemstva.
- After WW2, Jewish religion was banned and so were the institutions.
- DOCTORS PLOT- 9 doctors who had cooperated with US Jews to murder Soviet officials. 7/9 doctors were Jews. 15 Jewish leaders were executed.
- The Ukrainians
- Alex II issued decrees which forbade imports of books from Ukraine.
- Gained independence in Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
- Lost independence in the Civil War.
- Ukraine was important for grain production. They knew their importance so resisted some changes like collectivisation.
- UKRAINIANS SUFFERED THE MOST DURING THE PURGES.
- 1936 Stalin constitution, Ukraine regained status.
- But Stalin deported/executed lots of Ukrainians as he thought they were collaborating with Germany.
- The Caucasians
- Russification was relatively easy due to the religious divisions.
- Opposition to Nic II.
- Dashnaks used own military to oppose Russian official intrusions.
- Mensheviks sought to make an ally with Germany.
- Georgia gained independence in 1920 but lost it in 1921.
- Regained full republican status in 1936 constitution.
- Suggested amalgamation of Georgians by Stalin was disagreed with.
- Georgians wanted same terms as Ukraine but the attack on the Georgian communist leader heightened tensions.
- Stalin had to bring dissidents under control.
- Russo-Finish relations
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