Russia 1917-24
- Created by: chloe_thomas14
- Created on: 30-03-16 12:11
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- Russia 1917-1924
- The Red Terror
- peasants arrested - not giving up grain
- labour and concentration camps
- Show trials to condemn SR
- scared hostile groups
- executed the Tsar and family
- Arrested peasants, SR, anarchists, political groups, intelligentsia
- torture and killing as retaliation for attempted assassination of Lenin
- Mass executions of Bol. enemies =10-15,000
- Attacks
- Church- arrested priests and stripped churches of belongings
- Political rivals- SR became more popular (Bols. used this as excuse to arrest 5000 Mensheviks in 1921)
- War Communism
- Grain requisition from peasants- Cheka confiscated
- State control of factories
- Nationalisation
- Through Supreme Council of National Economy 1917
- Rationing -dependent on class system
- soldiers
- urban workers
- peasants
- middle & upper class
- Nationalism of industry- no private trade
- Vensenka- to control military style in factories
- Hierarchical structures in industry
- Private trade banned
- Why was this introduced?
- The ideological basis
- The response to the reality of economic collapse
- The reaction to early Bolshevik excesses
- 1918-21
- NEP
- 1921-28
- Peasants pay tax in grain- encouraged them to produce more
- Some private trade - Nepman
- Govt. still control leading height of economy - coal, iron
- Reintroduction of economy
- Why was this introduced?
- Economic considerations- By the end of the war, industry had ground to a virtual standstill
- The unpopularity of War Communism
- The Tambov Rising - Peasant resentment against the Govt. came to a head in series of uprisings in 1920-21
- The Kronstadt Mutiny - revolt be sailors at the naval base outside Petrograd increased pressure on the Govt
- Opposition
- Kronstadt Sailors- Crushed by Red Army and Cheka
- Worker's Opposition Group - dissolved after 1921 Party Congress
- Peasants uprising - Crushed by Red Army and Cheka
- Civil War
- Trotsky brought back thousands of former tsarist officers to train and command army units
- The Kornilov Affair
- Why did the Red's win?
- Unity- unified command structure
- Support: peasants support Bols. as prominsed land, whites reluctant to give land
- Leadership: Trotsky- personally brave, inspired army, brought back death sentence, re-organisation.
- Geography- Railways, factories, population, communication
- Other reasons- poles, GB, Fr, USA, and Japan helped whites (foreign invasion)
- Why did the war break out?
- Social Revs were angry because Lenin had closed the Assembley
- Enemies- SR's, supporters for the Provisional Govt, supporters of the Tsar, army officers, nobles, the Czech Legion, Brian, USA and France.
- 1918-1920
- Trotsky brought back thousands of former tsarist officers to train and command army units
- The Red Terror
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