Russia 1881.
- Created by: lx1234
- Created on: 29-10-18 14:17
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- Key Words
- Autocracy, Divine Right, Nationality, Russification, Okhrana, Zemstva or Zemstvo
- Russia 1881-1905
- Population
- 74 million, by 1914 = 164 million.
- 80% peasants.
- more mouths to feed, more families, land shrinking
- Peasant Land Bank 1880. lend money to richer peasants = buy more land to grow food, ineffective,
- 2% workers
- Geography
- 2 1/2 the size of USA
- Politics, religion and government
- Nicholas Viewed reforms with contempt and weakness,
- "senseless dreams"
- No constitution - laws governing what Tsar couldn't do
- No Parliament (Dumas) law made by Tsar, including decrees.
- no protection for the rights of individual
- Russia was governed day to day by ministers appointed by the Tsar
- Nicholas Viewed reforms with contempt and weakness,
- Population
- Mir = Commune, village community makes decisions.
- Proletariat = working class
- Socialism = transitional phase between capitalism and communism
- Okhrana
- censor newspapers and books
- infiltrate and destroy revolutionary and terrorist groups
- 1900 there was 2500 agents
- by 1900, had records on 55,000 people and 20,000 photos of suspected radicals
- Policed Russia Uni's,
- Government
- The Cabinet/Committee of Ministers
- Run gov depts, (8 ministries, inc war, finance, education army,) collect taxes, maintain law and order, appointed and dismissed by the Tsar, issue decrees approved by Tsar
- The Senate
- Concerned with supervising operation of law
- Imperial Council
- Group of honorary advisers directly responsible to Tsar. No formal training, inherits job, 60 nobles each with large admin staff
- The Cabinet/Committee of Ministers
- Society
- 80% of population lived in small isolated villages and were farmers
- Nobility
- Often owned peasants or sufs, had extensive powers and controlled lives of their serfs.
- Punish by flogging, exile, taxation
- Below ruling elite were government officials who dependant on a salary
- Huge body of civil servants
- Often owned peasants or sufs, had extensive powers and controlled lives of their serfs.
- Middle Class
- Little growth of towns or industry, limited.
- Had no political power, couldn't own serfs
- Resented economic power nobility had.
- intelligentsia, critical of Tsarist regime
- Industrial Workers
- Town labourers, peasants driven off land ect, = growth in population.
- lack real expert skill
- Employed in gold, silver, copper and coal mines of SIbera and Urals
- World leader in iron and silver production
- Ill treated and overworked, wages low, long hours
- Town labourers, peasants driven off land ect, = growth in population.
- Peasants/Serfs
- Worked on nobles land, maids, cooks, ect. No control of lives. Men had to serve 15 yrs in army
- Mir, self sufficient, grow food, make clothes, tools, ect. Surpluses sold to pay taxes.
- families had own remedies for illnesses, villages had healers
- ineffective farming.
- families had own remedies for illnesses, villages had healers
- Mir.
- Middle Class
- Little growth of towns or industry, limited.
- Had no political power, couldn't own serfs
- Resented economic power nobility had.
- intelligentsia, critical of Tsarist regime
- no industrial revolution
- Economic Issues
- 1881, some factories, mainly producing textiles in St. Petersburg and Moscow
- communications system underdeveloped
- Economic Issues
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