ROME
- Created by: O.Langford
- Created on: 21-05-16 21:32
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- MYTH AND LEGEND
- ROME
- THE REPUBLIC
- THE OPPIAN LAW, LIVY 215BC
- THE OPPIAN LAW TERMS - limited the amount of gold and silver women could own to half an ounce - forbid women to wear purple - forbid women to ride in carriages within half a mile of Rome
- CATO'S ARGUMENT - AGAINST REPEAL - women are talking to other men's husbands - ashamed to see women in the streets (had never happened before) - fear that women will become superior - luxury leads women to sexual depravity
- LUCIUS VALERIUS' ARGUMENT - FOR REPEAL - says that women are doing nothing new = references Cato's own book The Origines for proof - Women's positive influence = the Sabine Women, Punic Wars, Idaeus Mother, the Gauls - Law is no longer needed = was an emergency - Men treat horses better than wives - Women will see foreigners wearing forbidden luxuries - Women will never become superior - Luxuries are the only things women are interested in
- SEMPRONIA, SALLUST 100BC
- IT IS NOT GOOD FOR WOMEN TO BE POLITICALLY INVOLVED = Sempronia was a supporter of Catiline who led a conspiracy, but only to pay off debts
- OPPOSITE OF A GOOD MATRONA - Too much masculinity in her boldness - From noble birth = more of a shame - Intelligent, poses threat = literature, musically talented, too seductive in her dancing - Corrupted by luxury - Accessory to murder
- CLODIA, CICERO 56BC
- CICERO AND VIEWS ON WOMEN - Clodia's good birth but bad reputation (Sempronia) - What he says is okay because she's slanderous - Incestual relationship with brother - She scemes/tricks - Too quick to drag things into court - women who are politically involved are bad (Juvenal) - Affairs and sexual depravity
- VOICE OF APPIUS CAECUS - CLODIA'S GRANDFATHER - Honour of family being destroyed = grandfather and husband's - Talks of dishonour to Vestral Virgin called Quinta Claudia
- VOICE OF CAECUS - CLODIA'S BROTHER - She's too quick to prosecute, only as Caelius rejected her - Makes reference to affairs and their incestual relationship
- CORNELIA, PLUTARCH 200BC
- WOMEN SHOULD BE POLITICALLY INVOLVED = famous for her sons Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus who incited the poor to rebel against the patricians, writes to them and tells them not to carry on
- SHOWS PUDICTIA = does not cry over sons or change her way of life after they die
- OTHER QUALITIES OF A MATRONA - Educated and intelligent - Good birth - Loyal to husband = MATER FAMILIAS, ran the household and didn't remarry - Husband died instead of her = valued
- MURDIA, FUNERAL EULOGY ?BC (CIVIL WARS)
- MALE IDEAS ON AN IDEAL WOMAN - Obedient - Good at weaving/wool - Modest - Alike to all other women
- IMPORTANCE OF CHILDREN AND REMARRIAGE - she was obedient in her arranged marriages - Fairness to children = ensured first son got equal heir status and inheritance from father
- THE OPPIAN LAW, LIVY 215BC
- THE IMPERIAL PERIOD
- TURIA, FUNERAL EULOGY 9BC (CIVIL WARS)
- TYPICAL DOMESTIC SKILLS - Loyal - Obedient - Worked wool - Not over religious or superstituous
- TRAITS THAT WERE UNIQUE AND PRAISED - Political = avenged parents in court, proved they hadn't been in the wrong kind of marriage and ensured her sister got her inheritance - Chaste = moved to mother in laws when husband was away - has joint custody of the property - sent husband money, servants, provisions, gold and silver and protested on his behalf - Political again = got beaten by Lepidus yet carried on protesting - defended house from Milo - when infertile, offered to find the husband a new wife and act as mother in law and sister in law to her and new child
- Husband loved her very much = would rather have died instead of her
- Mentions Augustus a great deal, often with the word clemency
- PLINY LETTERS 104-108AD
- LETTERS TO AUNT - Wife is worthy of her family - She is intelligent and frugal (reads and re-reads his books, sits behind a curtain and soaks up the praise) - She loves him for his glory
- LETTERS TO WIFE - Control in a marriage ("I would like to see with my own eyes" fears women will commit affairs, tells her to write to him two/three times a day) - She hugs his books to comfort herself -Expresses love, albeit in a forced/strange way - Goes to her room accidentally as he misses her
- LETTER TO GRANDFATHER - Blames her for miscarriage as she was 'young and inexperienced' - Good than she can conveive = the importance of children, the shared honour they will have when born
- ON THE DEATH OF MINICIA MARCELLA - Wise = came to terms with death - Showed Pudictia - Educated and obedient - Due to be married = importance of family - ALIKE TO HER FATHER COMPLETEY IN APPEARANCE AND BEHAVIOUR = really praising him
- ON ARRIA - Shows Pudictia - hides emotion at sons death and doesn't tell ill husband, organises funeral herself - Bravery = when husband taken away, follows in a fishing boat - Shows stoic intention to die = bangs head against wall - Loyalty = commits suicide
- ON FANNIA - Heroism = becomes ill after looking after a Vestral Virgin - Spirit worthy of husband and father - Chastity, sanctity and dignity - Exiled due to being politically involved = didn't deny the book on husband being written and took it into exile
- JUVENAL ON WOMEN 200AD
- ON EPPIA - Leaves and disgraces noble family - Women willing to endure bad things to have an affair - Sex and fame addicts - loves his 'sword'
- ON MESSALINA, THE EMPEROR CLAUDIUS' WIFE - Example for all women, fear of corruption - Addicted to sex as Lycias, 'took thrusts from all corners' - Very exaggeration descriptions of her body after sex = Claudius could justify killing her - Bringing corruption back to marriage bed = could corrupt emperor
- ON WOMEN AS WHOLE - Hates mother in laws = encourage wives to steal off husbands, to write their letters back (affairs) and distract the doctor (affairs) - Women too willing to prosecute - Grammar correctors - Read literature and praise the wrong poem - Women getting involved in athletics are unattractive - Life is easier for women - Luxury has corrupted women - Love doesn't exist as women are too drunk - Could have foreigner's baby - Men have become less manly - Interested in Philosophy but won't live the life - Rich women will kill your child
- TURIA, FUNERAL EULOGY 9BC (CIVIL WARS)
- THE REPUBLIC
- The Vestral Virgins, Plutarch 700BC - Present
- A VESTRAL VIRGIN'S SPECIAL POWERS/RIGHTS - could make a will (in charge of own property) - given bodyguards with fasces of the lictors to protect them - if they met a criminal his life was spared - if anyone went under their litter they were put to death
- SUFFERINGS AND PUNISHMENTS - had to serve thirty years and continually guard the flame in the temple of Vesta - minor offences received a beating by the Pontifex Maximus - a seduced virgin was buried alive
- THE **** OF THE SABINE WOMEN, LIVY 700-500BC (set) 100BC (Written)
- THE IMPORTANCE OF MARRIAGE - Romulus visits - Offers of marital rights/citizenship - 'All good marriages start with an offence' - Husbands would treat them with extra kindness - Was due to love and passion
- BIASED SOURCE - Augustus wanted Rome to always be shown in a good light - Presented as an example to the now 'corrupt' women of Rome
- Cloelia, Livy 700-500BC (set) 100BC (written)
- OTHER QUALITIES THAT WERE VALUED IN MATRONAS - Bravery = swam the Tiber, saves other hostages - Intelligence = chooses male hostages - Influenced history = had the equestrian statue built in her honour
- Lucretia, Livy 700-500BC (set) 100BC (written)
- VALUES MATRONAS BEING INVOLVED IN POLITICS = her suicide as a result of her **** by Sextus Tarquinias led Brutus to bring down the Kings - led to the Republic
- CHASTITY AND HONOUR IDEAL - kills herself so honour is not questioned - Sextus wants her due to her obedient nature - weaving by candlelight when they visit her and she invites them to dine
- ROME
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