Crime, Punishment & Law Enforcement - Roman Britain
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- Created on: 26-06-16 12:07
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- ROMAN BRITAIN
- Roman Society
- Hierarchical
- 1. Nobility (Patricians) - wealthy families who owned property and slaves. The father was the head of the family.
- 2. Freedmen (Plebeian) - Difference between freedmen and slaves was difference of status. Freedmen was not wealthy.
- 3. Women - Women were under the control of the father of husband. Romans arranged marriages for girls when they were still very young.
- 4. Slaves - Some slaves could by their freedom but this was very rare. If a slave runs away, s/he would face branding and even death. The society didn't recognise slaves as humans however, the treatment of the slaves depended who their owner was.
- Patriarchal
- The head of the family and the society was always the male. Women, children and slaves had to obey them.
- Unequal
- Wealthy had the power when it came to punishments and law enforcement.
- Poverty led to crime.
- Hierarchical
- Roman Law
- Had one central law and law enforcement system.
- Laws were written down and displayed in town centres for people to know and therefore obey.
- 12 Tablets
- Suspects were considered innocent until proven guilty. (Fair trial)
- Evidence has to be provided to the court.
- Crimes
- Against Property
- Petty theft
- Selling underweight goods
- Burglary
- Against The Person
- Street violence
- Murder
- Against Authority
- Plotting against the Emperor
- Refusing to conmform to the official state religion
- Against Property
- Punishment
- Punishments depended on the criminals social status.
- Citizens
- Serious Crimes
- Death
- Arson
- Stealing Animals
- Attacking the Emperor
- Death
- Minor Crimes
- Whipping
- Repaying the cost of goods
- Confiscating property
- Serious Crimes
- Nobles
- Serious Crimes
- Go exile to avoid punishment
- Serious Crimes
- Slaves
- Murder / attempt to murder their master
- Crucified
- Murder / attempt to murder their master
- Legionnaries
- Ran away from battle
- Execution
- One in every ten men from the legion of the runaway was executed
- Ran away from battle
- Women
- Killing her father (Patricide)
- Tied in a sack of snakes and thrown into a river to drown.
- Killing her father (Patricide)
- Other
- Refusing to recognise Emperor as God and believing to the same religion
- Molten lead was poured down their throat and crucification
- Jews
- One million were killed
- Fought as gladiators
- Refusing to recognise Emperor as God and believing to the same religion
- Law Enforcement
- Roman Policing
- Praetorian Guards
- The Emperor's household guard. They protected him while rebellions.
- Urban Cohorts
- They kept the order by stopping riots however, they didn't patrol the streets.
- The Vigiles
- They prevented and put out fires. On patrol nights, they tried to stop crimes or capture runaway slaves.
- Local Centurions
- People reported the crime to the local centurions first. He would decide if it should go to the court.
- Praetorian Guards
- Trials
- Serios Crimes
- 1.Jury would listen to both sides before deciding.
- 2.The magistrate would decide the sentence
- 3.The governor would carry out the sentence.
- Tried by the Roman Governor of Britain
- Minor crimes
- 1.At the magistrates court, a judge was chosen (not a lawyer, but can get advice from them).
- 2.Both sides would present their evidence.
- 3.Judge made a decision.
- Very minor crimes - Local centurions would act like a magistrate.
- Anyone could bring a case to the court for trial.
- Slaves could present evidence at the trial only if they were tortured first.
- Serios Crimes
- Rebellions
- Stopping rebellions - The Governor of Britain
- 118AD - Quintus Pompeius Falco (Roman Army)
- Do - It - Yourself
- Minor crimes such as stealing
- Victim has to find the criminal, collect evidence and take the criminal to court
- Roman Policing
- Roman Society
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