Rivers Overall
- Created by: smckinnell828
- Created on: 01-10-16 16:53
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- Rivers
- The Drainage Basin
- This is an area of land drained by a river and its tribuaires
- There is 1.4 billion cubic kilometres of water on the earth
- 97% is stoared in the sea
- 2% is stoared in the ice caps and glaciers
- 0.3% is fresh water, on the surface of the earth
- Characteristics of the Drainage Basin
- Water shed
- Source
- Confluence
- Main Channel
- Mouth
- Tributary
- Long Profile of a River
- The side view of a river
- Mouth
- Width
- Narrow
- Wide
- Width
- Upper Course
- River uses weathering+ erosion downwards in the hills
- Forms a V-Shaped Vally
- Middle Course
- River starts to meander, cutting from side to side to erode the vally
- Some erosion at river clifs. Flood plain starts to foem
- River starts to meander, cutting from side to side to erode the vally
- River uses weathering+ erosion downwards in the hills
- Source
- Width
- Narrow
- Wide
- Width
- Discharge
- Amount of water passing a particular point and a particular time in a river
- Usually measured in cubic metres of water per second
- Cross Sectional Area X Velocity = Discharge
- m2 X m/sec = m3/sec
- Cross Sectional Area X Velocity = Discharge
- Usually measured in cubic metres of water per second
- Amount of water passing a particular point and a particular time in a river
- Load
- Material that a river is carrying
- Material that has mostly been eroded from the river bed/banks
- Size can range from tiny pieces of sediment up to huge bolders
- Faster the Velocity (and discharge) of a particular river, the more load that can be carried
- In flood conditions, huge lumps of material can be transported through the River System
- Faster the Velocity (and discharge) of a particular river, the more load that can be carried
- Size can range from tiny pieces of sediment up to huge bolders
- Material that has mostly been eroded from the river bed/banks
- Material that a river is carrying
- River Processes
- Is something that happens in a river. They work to modify the River's shape
- 1.Erosion
- The 4 Main Forms of River Erosion
- Attrition
- Rocks being carried by the river smash together and break into smaller smoother and rounder particles
- Abraision
- Rocks carried along by the river, wear down the River Bed and Banks
- By the rocks rubbing against each other causing them to become smotther and smaller
- Rocks carried along by the river, wear down the River Bed and Banks
- Hydraulic Action
- The force of the river against the banks can cause air to be trapped in cracks and crevices.
- Te pressure weakens the banks and gradually wears it away and break off
- The force of the river against the banks can cause air to be trapped in cracks and crevices.
- Solution
- Soluable particles are dissolved into the river
- Attrition
- The 4 Main Forms of River Erosion
- 2.Transport
- The 4 Different River Transport Processes
- Traction
- Large boulders and rocks are rolled along the River Bed
- Saltatiion
- Small pebblesnand stones are bounced along the River Bed
- Suspension
- Fine light material is held up in the flow of the River
- Has no contact with the River Bed
- Fine light material is held up in the flow of the River
- Solution
- Minerals are held up in the solution of water
- Traction
- The 4 Different River Transport Processes
- 3.Deposition Processes
- When the River Load is too heavy for the river to carry and is dumped/ deposited along the course of the river
- The river drops the heaviest load firstt because the river doesn't have enough energy to keep going
- it will be eaiser to continue by dropping the heaviest and to keep going with the lightest
- Might be because the river is slowing down
- it will be eaiser to continue by dropping the heaviest and to keep going with the lightest
- The river drops the heaviest load firstt because the river doesn't have enough energy to keep going
- To find erosion in river you look at the River Cliff
- Gives evidence of lateral/ sideways erosion and undercutting of the River Cliff
- When the River Load is too heavy for the river to carry and is dumped/ deposited along the course of the river
- The Drainage Basin
- Water Cycle/ Hydological Cycle
- It is a closed system
- Natural system where water is constantly moving above, on or below the earth
- Split into 4 sections;
- Inputs
- When water is introduced/put into the system
- Stores
- When water is kept within the systemand is not moved through it
- Transfers
- Processes/ flows within the system where water is moved from one place to another
- Outputs
- When water is carried through the river and back inti the sea, (also occurs in the river system)
- Inputs
- Pearmeable
- Eg. Soil
- Impermeable
- Eg. Concrete
- Impermeable
- Eg. Concrete
- Rivers
- The Drainage Basin
- This is an area of land drained by a river and its tribuaires
- There is 1.4 billion cubic kilometres of water on the earth
- 97% is stoared in the sea
- 2% is stoared in the ice caps and glaciers
- 0.3% is fresh water, on the surface of the earth
- Characteristics of the Drainage Basin
- Water shed
- Source
- Confluence
- Main Channel
- Mouth
- Tributary
- Long Profile of a River
- The side view of a river
- Mouth
- Upper Course
- River uses weathering+ erosion downwards in the hills
- Forms a V-Shaped Vally
- Middle Course
- River starts to meander, cutting from side to side to erode the vally
- Some erosion at river clifs. Flood plain starts to foem
- River starts to meander, cutting from side to side to erode the vally
- River uses weathering+ erosion downwards in the hills
- Source
- Discharge
- Amount of water passing a particular point and a particular time in a river
- Usually measured in cubic metres of water per second
- Cross Sectional Area X Velocity = Discharge
- m2 X m/sec = m3/sec
- Cross Sectional Area X Velocity = Discharge
- Usually measured in cubic metres of water per second
- Amount of water passing a particular point and a particular time in a river
- Load
- Material that a river is carrying
- Material that has mostly been eroded from the river bed/banks
- Size can range from tiny pieces of sediment up to huge bolders
- Faster the Velocity (and discharge) of a particular river, the more load that can be carried
- In flood conditions, huge lumps of material can be transported through the River System
- Faster the Velocity (and discharge) of a particular river, the more load that can be carried
- Size can range from tiny pieces of sediment up to huge bolders
- Material that has mostly been eroded from the river bed/banks
- Material that a river is carrying
- River Processes
- Is something that happens in a river. They work to modify the River's shape
- 1.Erosion
- The 4 Main Forms of River Erosion
- Attrition
- Rocks being carried by the river smash together and break into smaller smoother and rounder particles
- Abraision
- Rocks carried along by the river, wear down the River Bed and Banks
- By the rocks rubbing against each other causing them to become smotther and smaller
- Rocks carried along by the river, wear down the River Bed and Banks
- Hydraulic Action
- The force of the river against the banks can cause air to be trapped in cracks and crevices.
- Te pressure weakens the banks and gradually wears it away and break off
- The force of the river against the banks can cause air to be trapped in cracks and crevices.
- Solution
- Soluable particles are dissolved into the river
- Attrition
- The 4 Main Forms of River Erosion
- 2.Transport
- The 4 Different River Transport Processes
- Traction
- Large boulders and rocks are rolled along the River Bed
- Saltatiion
- Small pebblesnand stones are bounced along the River Bed
- Suspension
- Fine light material is held up in the flow of the River
- Has no contact with the River Bed
- Fine light material is held up in the flow of the River
- Solution
- Minerals are held up in the solution of water
- Traction
- The 4 Different River Transport Processes
- 3.Deposition Processes
- When the River Load is too heavy for the river to carry and is dumped/ deposited along the course of the river
- The river drops the heaviest load firstt because the river doesn't have enough energy to keep going
- it will be eaiser to continue by dropping the heaviest and to keep going with the lightest
- Might be because the river is slowing down
- it will be eaiser to continue by dropping the heaviest and to keep going with the lightest
- The river drops the heaviest load firstt because the river doesn't have enough energy to keep going
- To find erosion in river you look at the River Cliff
- Gives evidence of lateral/ sideways erosion and undercutting of the River Cliff
- When the River Load is too heavy for the river to carry and is dumped/ deposited along the course of the river
- The Drainage Basin
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