River Landscapes
- Created by: Superdylan870
- Created on: 26-03-18 18:35
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- River Landscapes
- Changes in rivers and their valleys
- Drainage basin - area of land drained by a river and small streams
- Long profile- shows how the gradient of a river changes downstream
- Cross profile- shape of a valley from one side across to the other
- Long profile- shows how the gradient of a river changes downstream
- Drainage basin - area of land drained by a river and small streams
- River Processes
- River erosion and landforms
- Deposition landforms
- River landforms on River Tees
- Factors increasing flood risk
- Hard engineering- floods
- Soft engineering- floods
- Managing floods at Branbury
- Branbury: 50km north of Oxford, population 45 thousand, most of the town is on a floodplain.
- The scheme was needed because Branbury has been flooded in 1996, causing 12.5 million in damages and 2007.
- Raised A361 stays open during floods, Quality of life changes like footpaths, less anxiety about flooding.
- Scheme costed 18.5 million pounds, paid partly by the environment agency
- 400 houses and 70 businesses has been protected
- Earth needed to build for embankment, creating a small resevoir in the process, new havitiat made.
- 400 houses and 70 businesses has been protected
- Scheme costed 18.5 million pounds, paid partly by the environment agency
- Raised A361 stays open during floods, Quality of life changes like footpaths, less anxiety about flooding.
- The scheme was needed because Branbury has been flooded in 1996, causing 12.5 million in damages and 2007.
- Branbury: 50km north of Oxford, population 45 thousand, most of the town is on a floodplain.
- Afforestation- planting trees makes the water to get soaked up, slowing flooding down
- Wetlands- places allowed to flood, helps downstream
- Floodplain zoning- restricts land to use used on a floodplain, reduces losses.
- River restoration- restroing the river to its original course.
- Floodplain zoning- restricts land to use used on a floodplain, reduces losses.
- Wetlands- places allowed to flood, helps downstream
- Managing floods at Branbury
- Dams and resevoirs- Wildey used, multiple uses and effective but is expensive.
- Channel straightning- sometimes lined with concrete, cut through meanders, looks unsightly
- Embankment- raised bank, effective but may be expensive.
- Flood releif channels- used to bypass areas
- Embankment- raised bank, effective but may be expensive.
- Channel straightning- sometimes lined with concrete, cut through meanders, looks unsightly
- Soft engineering- floods
- River floods usually occur after long periods of rain, flash floods mean heavy rainstorms physical and human causes for floods
- Precipitation- floods usually happen after long periods of rain
- Geology- Impermeable rocks make the water flow into the river
- Relief- Steep slopes means water flows quickly.
- Urbanisation- Tarmac roads
- Relief- Steep slopes means water flows quickly.
- Geology- Impermeable rocks make the water flow into the river
- Precipitation- floods usually happen after long periods of rain
- Hard engineering- floods
- River Tees- North West England, flows into the north sea
- High force, Rivers upper course, waterfall, drops 20m, have an undercut and a gorge
- Lots of meanders and oxbow lakes.
- High force, Rivers upper course, waterfall, drops 20m, have an undercut and a gorge
- Factors increasing flood risk
- Meanders- Bends in a river in lowland areas, constantly change shape and position
- Ox bow lake, As meanders migrate across the valley they erode each other.
- River erosion and landforms
- Deposition landforms
- River landforms on River Tees
- Factors increasing flood risk
- Hard engineering- floods
- Soft engineering- floods
- Managing floods at Branbury
- Branbury: 50km north of Oxford, population 45 thousand, most of the town is on a floodplain.
- The scheme was needed because Branbury has been flooded in 1996, causing 12.5 million in damages and 2007.
- Raised A361 stays open during floods, Quality of life changes like footpaths, less anxiety about flooding.
- Scheme costed 18.5 million pounds, paid partly by the environment agency
- 400 houses and 70 businesses has been protected
- Earth needed to build for embankment, creating a small resevoir in the process, new havitiat made.
- 400 houses and 70 businesses has been protected
- Scheme costed 18.5 million pounds, paid partly by the environment agency
- Raised A361 stays open during floods, Quality of life changes like footpaths, less anxiety about flooding.
- The scheme was needed because Branbury has been flooded in 1996, causing 12.5 million in damages and 2007.
- Branbury: 50km north of Oxford, population 45 thousand, most of the town is on a floodplain.
- Afforestation- planting trees makes the water to get soaked up, slowing flooding down
- Wetlands- places allowed to flood, helps downstream
- Floodplain zoning- restricts land to use used on a floodplain, reduces losses.
- River restoration- restroing the river to its original course.
- Floodplain zoning- restricts land to use used on a floodplain, reduces losses.
- Wetlands- places allowed to flood, helps downstream
- Managing floods at Branbury
- Dams and resevoirs- Wildey used, multiple uses and effective but is expensive.
- Channel straightning- sometimes lined with concrete, cut through meanders, looks unsightly
- Embankment- raised bank, effective but may be expensive.
- Flood releif channels- used to bypass areas
- Embankment- raised bank, effective but may be expensive.
- Channel straightning- sometimes lined with concrete, cut through meanders, looks unsightly
- Soft engineering- floods
- River floods usually occur after long periods of rain, flash floods mean heavy rainstorms physical and human causes for floods
- Precipitation- floods usually happen after long periods of rain
- Geology- Impermeable rocks make the water flow into the river
- Relief- Steep slopes means water flows quickly.
- Urbanisation- Tarmac roads
- Relief- Steep slopes means water flows quickly.
- Geology- Impermeable rocks make the water flow into the river
- Precipitation- floods usually happen after long periods of rain
- Hard engineering- floods
- River Tees- North West England, flows into the north sea
- High force, Rivers upper course, waterfall, drops 20m, have an undercut and a gorge
- Lots of meanders and oxbow lakes.
- High force, Rivers upper course, waterfall, drops 20m, have an undercut and a gorge
- Factors increasing flood risk
- Meanders- Bends in a river in lowland areas, constantly change shape and position
- Ox bow lake, As meanders migrate across the valley they erode each other.
- Floodplains- wide flat areas in middle and lower, created by migrating meanders and floods
- Levees, low flow deposition raises the river bed, so it floods alot.
- Estuary- Where the river meets the sea. simple.
- Levees, low flow deposition raises the river bed, so it floods alot.
- River landforms on River Tees
- 3 landforms which are at upper middle and lower respectivly
- Interlocking spurs- mountain stream erodes vertically to create a v shaped valley and winds around areas of resistant rock to cut trough the valley
- Waterfalls, as a river flows downstream it encounters different rock types, soft rock is easily eroded, causing steps to be made, but eventually retreats
- Gorges- narrow, steep sided valley found downstream of a retreating waterfall, but can form in other ways such as glacial hanging valleys
- Waterfalls, as a river flows downstream it encounters different rock types, soft rock is easily eroded, causing steps to be made, but eventually retreats
- Interlocking spurs- mountain stream erodes vertically to create a v shaped valley and winds around areas of resistant rock to cut trough the valley
- Deposition landforms
- Floodplains- wide flat areas in middle and lower, created by migrating meanders and floods
- Levees, low flow deposition raises the river bed, so it floods alot.
- Estuary- Where the river meets the sea. simple.
- Levees, low flow deposition raises the river bed, so it floods alot.
- River landforms on River Tees
- 3 landforms which are at upper middle and lower respectivly
- Interlocking spurs- mountain stream erodes vertically to create a v shaped valley and winds around areas of resistant rock to cut trough the valley
- Waterfalls, as a river flows downstream it encounters different rock types, soft rock is easily eroded, causing steps to be made, but eventually retreats
- Gorges- narrow, steep sided valley found downstream of a retreating waterfall, but can form in other ways such as glacial hanging valleys
- Waterfalls, as a river flows downstream it encounters different rock types, soft rock is easily eroded, causing steps to be made, but eventually retreats
- Interlocking spurs- mountain stream erodes vertically to create a v shaped valley and winds around areas of resistant rock to cut trough the valley
- Deposition landforms
- Two types of erosion, vertical and lateral
- Four processes of river erosion
- Hydraulic action, Force of water hitting banks and bed
- Abrasion, load carried by river hits banks, dislodging particles
- Attrition, stones carried by river knocks into each other.
- Solution, alkaline rocks are dissolved by slightly acidic water.
- Processes of transportation, Solution, suspension, traction, saltation, check back to Coast landscapes
- Size and amount of load carried depends on the rivers velocity
- When velocity decreases, and no longer has energy for carrying the sediment, it deposits it
- Lots of deposition at the mouth due to gentle gradient
- When velocity decreases, and no longer has energy for carrying the sediment, it deposits it
- Size and amount of load carried depends on the rivers velocity
- Processes of transportation, Solution, suspension, traction, saltation, check back to Coast landscapes
- Solution, alkaline rocks are dissolved by slightly acidic water.
- Attrition, stones carried by river knocks into each other.
- Abrasion, load carried by river hits banks, dislodging particles
- Hydraulic action, Force of water hitting banks and bed
- Four processes of river erosion
- River erosion and landforms
- Changes in rivers and their valleys
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