rings, acids and amines
- Created by: Harriet
- Created on: 13-03-15 18:05
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- Rings, Acids and Amines
- benzene
- kekule structure WRONG
- if it was correct the three bonds with the length of C-C and three bonds with the length C=C
- all the carbon bonds have the same length
- Delocalised Model RIGHT
- states that the p-orbitals of all six carbon atoms overlap to create pi-bonds
- creates two ring shaped clouds of electrons-one above and one below
- enthalpy changes give evidence for delocalisation
- states that the p-orbitals of all six carbon atoms overlap to create pi-bonds
- Delocalised Model RIGHT
- aromatic compounds are derived from benzene
- kekule structure WRONG
- alkenes usually like addition reactions but not benzene
- the delocalised structure of benzene means it is very stable and the negative charge is spread out, so benzene is unwilling to undergo addition reactions
- Arenes undergo electrophilic substitution
- halogenation
- Br-Br is the electrophile
- AlCl3 acts as a halogen carrier
- Br-Br is the electrophile
- nitration
- when you warm benzene with concentrated nitric and sulphuric acid you get nitrobenzene
- sulphuric acid works as a catalyst
- temperature below 55
- halogenation
- phenols
- phenols react with bases and sodium to form salts
- phenols react with bromine water
- uses
- antiseptic
- polymers Kevlar
- aldehydes
- oxidised from primary alcohols using potassium dichromate
- aldehydes reflux to carboxylic acids
- ketones
- oxidised from secondary alcohols using potassium dichromate
- oxidised from primary alcohols using potassium dichromate
- reduction of aldehydes and ketones using [H]
- Untitled
- bradys Reagent
- test for carbonyl group
- 2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazine
- forms a bright orange ppt
- Tollens Reagent
- test for aldehyde
- silver nitrate dissolved in aqueous ammonia
- Untitled
- benzene
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