Respiration Part one
- Created by: Andrei stephen
- Created on: 29-09-14 19:04
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- Respiration part one
- why do we need to respire
- used to create ATP or Adenosine triphosphate
- know as the universal energy currency
- it is need to power all metabolic process in the body such as
- active transport
- secreation
- Endocytosis
- DNA replication
- Activation of chemical reactions
- used to create ATP or Adenosine triphosphate
- coenzymes and stages of respiration
- respiration occurs in four stages
- stage one: glycolysis
- stage two: the link reaction
- take place in the matrix of the mitochondria this is where pyruvate is dehydrogenated and decarboxylated into acetate
- stage three: the krebs cycle/the citric cycle
- takes place in the matrix of the mitochondrial acetate dehydrogenated and decarboxylated
- oxidative phosphorylation
- takes place on the cristea of the mitochondria this is where ADP is phosphorylated to ATP
- stage two: the link reaction
- stage one: glycolysis
- coenzymes are need to help with redox reactions during the glycolsis the link reaction and the krebs cycel
- this is because the enzymes that carry out these reactions are not very good
- the two types of co enzymes
- NAD^+
- this is used as an oxidizing agent it takes on two hydrogen ions and two electrons
- coenzyme a (coa)
- this is used to carry the acetate into the krebs cycle
- NAD^+
- respiration occurs in four stages
- glycolysis
- this is separated into several steps
- the first step is where an inorganic phosphate is attached using a ATP to the sixth carbon on glucose to make Glucose 6 P
- this is then changed to fructose 6 P
- Another phosphate group is attached using one ATP making hexose 1,6 bisphosphate
- this is then split into two triose phosphates
- at this stage hydrogen atoms are removed by two NADS which become reduced NADS or NADH as well as this two molecules of ATP are produced
- this brings it to an intermediate compound it is then changed into two pyruvates and two ADP's are phoprated into two ATP's
- at this stage hydrogen atoms are removed by two NADS which become reduced NADS or NADH as well as this two molecules of ATP are produced
- this is then split into two triose phosphates
- Another phosphate group is attached using one ATP making hexose 1,6 bisphosphate
- this is then changed to fructose 6 P
- the first step is where an inorganic phosphate is attached using a ATP to the sixth carbon on glucose to make Glucose 6 P
- the link reaction and krebs cycle
- the link reaction happens in three steps that are summarised as such 2pyruvate + 2NAD^+ + 2coa ===>2 reduced NAD +2CO2 + 2acetylCoa
- the electron transport chain: oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmosis
- this stage occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane
- these membranes are folded into cristae that increase the surface area
- reduced NAD enters the cristea where it is reduced releasing two hydrogen atoms which are split into 2 electrons and 2H+
- the electrons form this split attaching to the protein complexes makes enough energy for hydrogen ions to be pumped into the inner membrane
- reduced NAD enters the cristea where it is reduced releasing two hydrogen atoms which are split into 2 electrons and 2H+
- these membranes are folded into cristae that increase the surface area
- this stage occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane
- this is separated into several steps
- why do we need to respire
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