Respiration
- Created by: elen roberts
- Created on: 12-02-14 12:07
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- Respiration
- Converts chemical energy stored in glucose into chemical energy stored in ATP
- ATP is very soluble and its energy can be released quickly & easily but stores less than glucose
- Uses: muscle contraction, Active transport & Biosynthesis
- ATP synthase uses the oxidation of glucose as a source of energy. ATPase releases the energy
- Aerobic
- Link reaction
- Pyruvate enters mitochondrial matrix and is converted into 2C Acetyl CoA by removing CO2 and reducing NAD (goes to the ETC)
- Krebs cycle
- AcetyleCoA (2C) combines with Oxaloacetate (4C) to form citrate (6C)
- Co2 is given off and NAD is reduced (goes to the ETC) and forms a 5C compound
- one molecule of ATP is made and Co2 is given off, 2 NAD are reduced (used for ETC) and 1FAD is reduced (used for ETC) and forms Oxaloacetate (4C)
- The cycle turns twice - once for each AcetyleCoA
- E.T.C
- Electrons from NADH and FADH go into the ETC, as they move down energy levels, ATP is created
- H+ from the NADH and FADH diffuse into the inter membrane space then move back into the matrix by active transport combined with ATPase to form ATP
- Unused electrons are removed from the ETC by combining with half an oxygen and hydrogen to form water
- Link reaction
- Anaerobic
- Ethanolic
- Plants and fungi
- Reduction, NADH is used & NAD is regenerated
- Lactic Acid
- Animals & bacteria
- Reversible - energy in the lactate can be retrieved when oxygen is available again. Lactate is oxidised
- Poisonous - acidosis in cells, stops enzymes causes fatigue and cramp so cannot be done for long
- Lactic Acid
- 2C molecule of ethanol produced and Co2 is given off
- Irreversable- energy in ethanol cannot be retrieved by cells
- Lactic Acid
- Animals & bacteria
- Reversible - energy in the lactate can be retrieved when oxygen is available again. Lactate is oxidised
- Poisonous - acidosis in cells, stops enzymes causes fatigue and cramp so cannot be done for long
- When there is no oxygen, an extra step is added to glycolysis to regenerate NAD but only makes 2ATP from a glucose
- Ethanolic
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