Aerobic Respiration
- Created by: LHaywood
- Created on: 02-05-15 13:05
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- Respiration
- Glycolysis
- The first step in respiration
- 2 ATP molecules phosphorylate glucose to 'phosphorylated glucose' releasing 2 ADP molecules
- The 'phosphorylated glucose' splits into 2 triose phosphate (TP) molecules
- The TP molecules are oxidised by NAD producing 2 NADH molecules and pyruvate.
- Energy is released in during this oxidation and phosphorylates 2 ADP into ATP (per TP molecule)
- The TP molecules are oxidised by NAD producing 2 NADH molecules and pyruvate.
- The 'phosphorylated glucose' splits into 2 triose phosphate (TP) molecules
- This stage occurs in the cytosol of cells and produces 2 NADH and 2 ATP molecules.
- Link Reaction
- Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria and produces 2 NADH molecules
- The second step in respiration
- Pyruvate from glycolysis is oxidised and decarboxylated and combined with co-enzyme A
- This form 2 molecules of Acetyl Co-enzyme A, 2 molecules of carbon dioxide and 2 molecules of NADH
- Krebs Cycle
- Occurs in the matrix of the mitocondria and per glucose molecule form 4 carbon dioxide molecules, 6 NADH, 2 FADH and 2 ATP
- The Acetyl Co-Enzyme A from the link reaction combines with a 4C acid to form a 6C acid
- This 6C acid is decarboxylated and oxidised into a 5C acid releasing carbon dioxide and NADH
- This 5C acid is the decarboxylated further to reform the 4C acid, producing carbon dioxide as well as ATP, FADH and 2 molecules of NADH
- This 6C acid is decarboxylated and oxidised into a 5C acid releasing carbon dioxide and NADH
- Electron Transport Chain
- Occurs on the cristae of the mitochondria
- Reduced NAD and FAD donate their electrons to the electron transport chain, releasing the protons which are actively transported across the membrane
- The electron moves along the ETC in a series of oxidation and reduction reactions.
- The electrons lose energy as they move along the ETC, providing the energy to phosphorylate ADP to ATP when hydrogen ions rush through ATP synthase.
- The Hydrogen ions which have accumulated in the inter-membranal space rush through the enzyme ATP synthase, forming ATP
- These hydrogen ions are then reduced as they gain the electron from the ETC and are accepted by oxygen to produce water
- Each NADH produces 3 ATP molecules and each FADH produces 2 ATP molecules
- The electron moves along the ETC in a series of oxidation and reduction reactions.
- Glycolysis
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