Respiration and Exercise

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  • Created by: Abc312
  • Created on: 13-05-18 20:21
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  • Respiration
    • Respiration is an exothermic reactions
      • It transfers energy to the environment.
    • Supplies the energy needed for  living things
      • Energy is needed for:
        • Chemical reactions to build larger molecules
        • Movement
        • Keeping warm
    • Metabolism
      • Metabolism is the sum of all reactions is a cell or the body.
      • In some reactions larger molecules are made:
        • Starch, glycogen and cellulose are made from chains of glucosemolecules
        • Lipids are made from one molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids
        • Amino acids are made by combining glucose and nitrate ions
          • They are then made into proteins
      • In other reactions larger molecules are broken down
        • Glucose is broken down in respiration
        • Breaking down excess proteins to form urea
    • Aerobic Respiration
      • Glucose
        • +
          • Oxygen
            • ---->
              • Carbon Dioxide
                • +
                  • Water
                    • 6H2O
                • 6CO2
            • 6O2
        • C6H12O6
      • Happens in mitochondria
      • Most efficient way of transferring energy
    • Anaerobic Respiration
      • This only happens when there isn't enough oxygen
      • It is the incomplete breakdown of glucose
      • In humans
        • Glucose
          • ---->
            • Lactic acid
        • In Yeast
          • Glucose
            • ---->
              • Ethanol
                • +
                  • Carbon Dioxide
          • Called fermentation
            • Used to make bread and alcoholic drinks
      • Less efficient than aerobic respiration
    • Exercise
      • When you are exercising your muscles contract more so need more energy from respiration
        • This means you need more oxygen
      • In responce to the extra oxygen needed your:
        • Breathing rate increases
        • Breath volume increases
        • Heart rate increases
      • If there is not enough energy anaerobic respiration happens,
        • The incomplete breakdown of glucose causes a build up of lactic acid and an oxygen debt.
      • During long periods exercise muscles become fatigued and stop contracting efficiently.
      • Blood flowing through the muscles transports the lactic acid to the liver where it is converted back to glucose
      • OxygenDebt is where the body continues to breathe heavily to get more oxygen to react with the lactic acid and remove it from the cells.

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