Research Methods-Design
- Created by: Olivia
- Created on: 14-04-14 18:33
View mindmap
- RM-Design
- Hypothesis
- Directional Hypothesis: a prediction that tells you which group will do better-'more alcohol consumed, the slower the reaction time'.
- Non-Directional Hypothesis: prediction that doesn't predict which group will do better-'alcohol affects reaction time'.
- Null Hypothesis: prediction of no difference-'alcohol will have no effect on reaction time'.
- Variables
- Independent Variable: the thing you change.
- Dependant Variable: the thing you measure.
- Extraneous Variable: everything apart from the IV or DV.
- Situational Variables: noise outside the room, time of day etc.
- Participant Variable: individual differences, helping hand effect etc.
- Investigator Effects
- Loud.
- Bossy.
- Male/Female.
- Race.
- Explanation of tasks.
- Order Effects
- Practice Effects: going faster because you've done it before (repeated measures).
- Fatigue Effects: get tired of task and go slower.
- Dealing with Extraneous Varibles
- Standardise Procedures: plan what to say.
- Standardise Instructions: written instructions.
- Single Blind Design: participant doesn't know what condition they're in.
- Double Blind Design: participant and investigator does not know the condition.
- Confounding Variable: something that affects the dependant variable.
- Order Effects
- Practice Effects: going faster because you've done it before (repeated measures).
- Fatigue Effects: get tired of task and go slower.
- Operationalizing Variables: defining the variables, written in a way that can measured.
- Aims
- Statement of the area of research interest-'how alcohol affects reaction time'.
- Demand Characteristics: things in an experiment that help people realise what they are being tested for and so they act differently.
- Experimental Design
- Independent Group Design: two groups, one controlled, one not, compare results.
- + no order effects, no practice of fatigue effects.
- - individual differences, twice as many participants.
- Repeated Measures Design: experiment is repeated using the same participants.
- + individual differences minimised, fewer people needed.
- - participants might try to be helpful(demand characteristics), boredom, one test might be harder.
- Matched Pairs Design: participants are matched on important variables.
- + controls participant variables, no fatigue or boredom effects.
- - could be difficult to match pairs, time and money.
- Independent Group Design: two groups, one controlled, one not, compare results.
- Investigator Effects
- Loud.
- Bossy.
- Male/Female.
- Race.
- Explanation of tasks.
- Pilot Study
- Small scale study to test procedure and find and fix problems.
- Validity
- (how real something is)
- Internal Validity: how strong the experiment is, how carefully designed and carried out it is, making sure there are no confounding variables.
- External Validity: how far you can generalise results, ecological validity.
- Population Validity: if your target population is able to generalise to the whole world.
- Cross-Cultural Validity: if you can apply the procedure or findings to every culture.
- Reliability
- Internal Reliability: making sure everything within the test is all consistent and measuring the same thing.
- (consistency of a measure)
- External Validity: when the results may differ (chair measuring 2 different lengths with 2 different rulers).
- Inter-Rater Reliability: measure of reliability used to access the degree to which different people agree in their assessment decisions.
- Ethics
- Informed Consent.
- Deception.
- Protection from psychological and physical harm.
- Debriefing.
- Right to withdraw.
- Confidentiality.
- Hypothesis
Comments
No comments have yet been made