Research methods
- Created by: abbie_firth
- Created on: 17-12-14 09:19
View mindmap
- Research methods
- Investigation Design
- Aim
- General statement describing the purpose of the study
- Hypothesis
- Prediction of what will happen in your experiment
- Directional Hypothesis
- Direction of what the effect wil be
- For Example ... More clothes worn in cold weather, less clothes worn in warm weather
- Non - Directional Hypothesis
- Non - Directional Hypothesis
- Will be a difference or relationship but DONT say what the difference is
- Non - Directional Hypothesis
- Null Hypothesis
- There will be no difference between the conditions
- Varables
- Independent Variable
- Things we change also known as the cause
- Dependent variables
- Thing we are measuring also known as the effect
- Extraneous Variables
- Something that can have an effect on the IV's and the DV's
- Independent Variable
- Investigator Effects
- Personal Characteristics
- attractiveness, accent, dress sense, smell etc - may affect findings
- Can occur when investigators behaviour or characteristics influence in some way
- Expectation
- may be expecting to find no difference so only look things that only support findings
- Personal Characteristics
- Demand Characteristics
- Demand Characteristics
- Work out the aim and try and prove it play along
- Screw You Effect
- Work out the aim and then do the opposite to screw up the experiment
- Social Desirability Biased
- Lie/Act to look good
- Demand Characteristics
- Pilot Study
- Small run through of the study prior to the big study
- Helps identify any problems
- Small run through of the study prior to the big study
- Reliabilty
- Consistency
- Getting results twice after doing a retest
- Consistency
- Validity
- Test doing what it was set out to do
- Measure what was you intend to measure
- Internal Validity
- Concludes the IV the ting that affected the DV than other than EV's - possible to conclude in a alab setting
- External Validity
- Results can be generalised beyond experiment
- Test doing what it was set out to do
- Aim
- Methods and Techniques
- Experimental Methods
- Lab
- Artifcal and fake (set up) - IV is manipulated - Remove all EV's
- Field
- Real world envirroment
- IV is manipulated
- Natural
- Takes place in real world
- IV occurs naturally (not manipulated)
- Lab
- Experimental Design
- Repeated Measures
- Same participants in every condition
- Strengths
- No individual differences
- Counter balancings
- Weaknesses
- Order effects
- Boredom effects
- Independent groups
- Different participants in different cnditions
- Strengths
- No order effects
- No boredom effects
- Weaknesses
- Individual differences
- Match pairs
- Different people in each different conditions matched on set characteristcs
- Strengths
- No order effects
- No boredom effects
- Weakness
- Individual differences
- Repeated Measures
- Observation Techniques
- Observation
- watching the behaviour and observing them looking for certain characteristics
- Controlled
- carried out in a lab in highly controlled conditions
- Natural
- Carried out in a natural environment
- Observation
- Self Report Techniques
- Questionaires
- Filled in alone
- Uses open and closed questions
- People may lie to look good
- Social Desirability Biased (Weakness)
- People may lie to look good
- Uses open and closed questions
- Filled in alone
- Interview
- Structured
- Questions planned - don't go off go off subject or ask other questions
- Semi-Structred
- Questions planned but can other questions around them to find out more detail.
- Unstructed
- No questions ask it as goes and discuss things in different things about what is being said
- Structured
- Questionaires
- Case Study
- In depth study of one persons life or a very small froup of people
- Time consuming and is carried out over a long period of time
- Would have used other method of research too
- Experimental Methods
- Ethical Issues
- Right to with draw
- Don't get used
- Can walk out at any time
- In the beging ending or middle
- Informed consnet
- prior general consent
- Don't have to say what it is
- Can be done at anytime
- Presumptive consent
- A similar group said yes so they will too
- Similar audience
- Participants must sign
- prior general consent
- Confidentiality
- Private
- Replace name
- NEVER publish photos, names or address
- British Psychology Society
- Have to check with them to see if it is ethical
- Deception
- Right to withdraw
- Can withdraw at t anytime
- Debrefing
- Tel them EVERYTHING when iver
- Mae sure they are okay
- Tel them EVERYTHING when iver
- Don't use data
- Give them false information
- Never get over the fact that you lied
- Right to withdraw
- protection of participants
- Confidentiality
- Make sure they are in a better mood than when they came in
- Right to withdraw
- Right to with draw
- Sampling Techniques
- Random
- Chosen people at random
- Small Sample - Pull names out of a hat
- Large Sample - use a random number generator
- Volunteer
- People volunteer to do it (go to them)
- Oppurtunity
- Use people around them.... Easy to get
- e ... A psychology teacher will use their students
- Random
- Data and graphs
- Data
- Quantative data
- Numerical data
- Closed questions
- Not a lot of information
- Qualative Data
- Open questions
- More information
- Non-Numerical data
- Quantative data
- Graphs
- Pie Chart
- Bar chart
- Frequency polygon
- Data
- Investigation Design
Comments
No comments have yet been made