Research methods: key words
- Created by: Elyseee
- Created on: 22-09-19 14:16
View mindmap
- Research Methods: key terms
- Experimental/ alternative hypothesis
- Eg) there will be a difference in the Amount of words found by participants in a noisy environment and those in a quiet environment.
- The hypothesis of an experiment
- Independent variable
- The variable that is changed/ manipulated
- Eg) the noise level of the environment
- Confounding variable
- A variable that is not the independent variable that effects the dependent variable
- Eg) the intelligence of a participant
- Dependent variable
- The measurable variable
- Eg) the amount of correctly answered question on a test of recall
- Null hypothesis
- A hypothesis to be proved wrong
- Eg) there will be no difference in the amount of words found by participants in a noisy environment and those in a quiet environment
- Directional hypothesis
- A hypothesis that states the direction of the relationship between the variables
- Eg) students in a quiet environment will find more words in a word search than those in a noisy environment
- Non-directional hypothesis
- A hypothesis that does not describe the direction of the relationship between variables
- Eg) there will be a difference in the amount of words found in a word search by participants in a noisy environment and those in a quiet environment
- Snowball sampling
- When existing participants recruit other participants for the experiment
- Advantages: helps to sample hidden populations that researchers might not have access to
- Disadvantages: subject to many bias. Eg) people with more friends recruit more people
- Opportunity sampling
- Selecting the most convenient and available people
- Disadvantage:very unrepresentative. Research likely to choose ‘helpful’ people
- Advantages: very efficient method of sampling
- Self-selected sampling
- People who have chosen to be part of the experiment
- Advantages: convenient and ethical
- Disadvantage:bias. Eg) only people who read the newspaper see an advert and volunteer
- Quota sampling
- Dividing the population into groups and fulfilling a quota eg) 6 boys, 6 girls
- Advantages: convenient. Can create a target group
- Disadvantage: biased, not everyone has an even chance of being selected. Researcher might choose most ‘helpful’ people
- Random sampling
- Everyone has an even chance of being selected
- Advantages: best chance at representativeunbiased sample
- Disadvantage:time consuming
- Stratified sampling
- Dividing the population into groups and selecting a propionate sample representative of the population
- Advantages: results in representativesample
- Disadvantage:time consuming
- Matched pairs
- Matching participants in the group via a third variable
- Advantages: eliminates participant variables. Avoids order effects
- Disadvantage:time consuming
- Independent groups
- One group to test each condition
- Disadvantage:higher risk of participant variables
- Advantages: no order effects, lower demand characteristics
- Repeated measures
- All groups test all conditions
- Advantages: no participant variables
- Disadvantage:higher order effect, higher demand characteristics
- Experimental/ alternative hypothesis
Comments
No comments have yet been made