Research methods

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  • Sampling
    • Volunteer
      • quicker but causes volunteer bias
    • Opportunity
      • convenient and cheap
    • Systematic
      • avoids researcher bias
    • Stratified
      • requires population to be sorted into starta
    • Random
      • all have an equal chance of being picked
    • Research Methods
      • Ethics
        • Informed consent
        • Deception
        • Protection from harm
        • Confidentiality
        • dealing with ethics
          • Debriefing
          • anonymity
          • provide the right to withhold data
          • Counselling
      • Pilot studies
        • Single blind
          • participants are unaware of the condition theyre in
        • Double blind
          • both participants and researcher are unaware of the condition
        • Small trial run prior to main experiment
          • Useful to check that everything works and instructions are understandable for participants
        • Control group
          • Allows researcher to compare and see if independent variable is the cause
      • Self report study
        • Questionnairs
          • Open questions (qualitative)
            • Leading questions
            • Double negatives
          • Closed questions (quantitative)
            • Likert scale
            • Rating scales
            • Fixed choice opinion
        • Interviews
          • Structured
          • Unstructured
          • Semi-structured
        • A method requiring participants to state their own feelings, opinions, or experiences on a topic
      • Correlations
        • Types
          • Positive
          • Negative
          • None
        • The relationship between two or more co-variables
        • Evalutation
          • Provides data to lead to future experiments
          • Quick and economical
          • cannot provide why variables are related
          • Third variable problem
          • can be misinturpreted
      • Peer Review
        • Purpose
          • decides whether to award funding
          • validate the quality and legitimacy
          • suggest amendments and improvments
        • Evaluation
          • Publication bias - want to post positive results
          • anonymity - may criticise rival researchers unnecessarily
            • Researchers are critical of research which contradicts their own work
            • So important research may be disregarded

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