Research methods
- Created by: mollyashman
- Created on: 21-02-17 12:20
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- Research Methods AS
- EXPERIMENTAL
- Experimental method
- Lab
- Define: Conducted in an environment where variables are carefully controlled Aware that are in study but may not know true aims
- e.g. Milgram
- Adv - 1) high degree of control = minimises extraneous variables = higher validity and greater likelihood of establishing cause-and -effect 2) greater potential for replicability as carefully designed and variables highly controlled
- Disadv - 1) low eco val and therefore hard to generalise 2) demand characteristics
- Untitled
- Field
- Natural
- Quasi
- There is always an IV and a DV
- NOTE: An experiment permits us to study cause and effect. if differs from non-experimental due to manipulation of one variable
- Lab
- Scientific processes
- Aims
- What you're planning to investigate
- Hypothesis
- Non-directional/ two-tailed
- Predicts that there will be a difference between variables, but does not state their direction
- Directional/ one-tailed
- Predicts the direction of the results
- Predictive and testable statement of the relationship between two variables
- NOTE: non-experimental methods can also have an hypothesis but are called alternative hypothesis instead of an alternative hypothesis
- Non-directional/ two-tailed
- Experimental design
- Independent groups
- Repeated measures
- Matched pairs
- Pilot studies
- Control of extraneous variables
- Reliablity and validity
- Awareness of the British Psychological Society (BPS) Code of Ethics
- Sampling techniques
- Random
- Opportunity
- Systematic
- Stratified
- Volunteer
- Demand characteristics
- Investigator effects
- Ethical issues and ways in which psychologists deal with them
- Operationalisation of variables
- Dependent - measured
- A variable is anything which can vary or change
- Independent - manipulated
- Operationalised - putting the variables into a form that can be easily tested, so defining them as precisely as possible
- Can then create an operationalized hypothesis
- Aims
- Data analysis and presentation
- Descriptive statistics
- Measures of central tendency
- Mean
- Median
- Mode
- Measures of dispersion
- Range
- Standard deviation
- What you need to be able to calculate
- Mode
- Median
- Mean
- Range
- Persentages
- Measures of central tendency
- Presentation of quantitative data
- Graphs
- Tables
- Scattergrams
- Bar charts
- Distributions
- Normal
- Skewed
- Sign test
- Descriptive statistics
- Experimental method
- NON-EXPERIMENTAL
- Observational techniques
- Covert and overt (+/-)
- Naturalistic and controlled (+/-)
- Participant and non-participant (+/-)
- Observational design
- Behavioural categories
- Event and time sampling (+/-)
- Self-report techniques
- Questionnaires (+/-)
- Interviews (+/-)
- Structured (+/-)
- Unstructured (+/-)
- Questionnaire construction
- Open and closed questions (+/-)
- Interview design
- Correlations (+/-)
- Analysis of the relationship between co-variables
- The difference between correlations and experiments
- Qualitative and quantitative data (+/-)
- The distinction between qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques
- Primary and secondary data
- Meta-analysis
- The role of peer review in the scientific process
- The implications of psychological research of the economy
- Observational techniques
- EXPERIMENTAL
- Operationalisation of variables
- Dependent - measured
- A variable is anything which can vary or change
- Independent - manipulated
- Operationalised - putting the variables into a form that can be easily tested, so defining them as precisely as possible
- Can then create an operationalized hypothesis
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