Research Methods
- Created by: Princess56
- Created on: 17-07-16 18:59
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- RESEARCH METHODS
- Experiments & Techniques
- Lad experiment- conducted in a artificial environment
- High control Casual relationship Replication
- Demand characteristic Informed consent
- Field experiment-carried out in a natural environment of those being tested
- Casual relationship Demand characteristic
- No control Ethics (Privacy)
- Natural experiment- conducted in the everyday environment of the participants but no control
- No demand characteristic very high ecological validity
- Time consuming No control
- Quasi experiment-No random application
- Controlled conditions Ecological validity
- No casual relationship Biased
- Observational technique-a researcher is watching someone behaviour
- Ecological validity
- Ethics (Privacy) Observer is biased
- Ecological validity
- Correlation researcher-finding out the relationship between variables
- +/-Casual relationship Ethics (Study)
- Questionnaire-a set of questions on paper
- Large sample Not expensive
- Not done face to face People may lie
- Large sample Not expensive
- Interviews-asked questions face to face
- nearly everyone can take part Provides rich data
- Time consuming Analysing data is hard
- Case Studies-an in depth study of an individual person
- Provides rich data Provides ideas for future data
- No informed consent No casual relationship
- Content analysis-analyzing secondary data by putting them into categories
- It's cheap Not many ethical issues
- Time consuming Its subjective (your own opinion)
- Lad experiment- conducted in a artificial environment
- Experimental design
- Repeated-participants take part in their conditions more than once -Requires fewer people -Control of individual differences
- Order effects Time consuming
- Independent-participants take part in one condition -No order effects -No lost particapants
- Double the participants Individual differences may effect results
- Matched-groups are based on characteristic - No order effects -No individual differences
- Time consuming You may need double the particpants
- Aims & Hypthosis
- Aim-why the study is being carried out
- Null hypothesis-states if there is no difference
- Directional-predicts the direction of the results
- Non-directional-does not predict the direction of the results
- Repeated-participants take part in their conditions more than once -Requires fewer people -Control of individual differences
- Ethics
- Informed consent-Consent should be given by the parents
- Deception-the need of deception is agreed by ethics comettee
- Right to withdraw-parents should be informed that they have the right to withdraw
- Protection from harm-avoid any risks in the study
- Confidentiality-private information should not be given away
- Validlty & Reliability
- External validity-data that is generalized beyond the stetting: people, places and time
- Internal validity- results be linked to direct manipulation of the independent variable
- External reliability-the test measures over time/people
- Internal reliability-whether the test is stable
- Sampling
- Volunteer-people volunteered to be in study by responding to advert. - Easy method -Biased population
- Target population-a group of people needed for the study
- Random-an equal chance of being picked from the list examples: toss a coin
- -if done right the sample is successful
- -hard to identify the members
- Opportunity-selecting people for availability -Easy method to use -Researcher is biased
- Experiments & Techniques
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