Research methods & ethics revision map

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  • Created by: MrsPSB
  • Created on: 18-03-17 15:58
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  • Research methods and ethics
    • Variables
      • Independent variable : Manipulated by experimenters   Also known as cause
      • Dependent variable: The aspect that will be measured by the changes
      • Extraneous variables : A variable that is not the Independent variable but could effect the dependent variable.(Outcome)
        • Extraneous variables : Confounding variables           Situational variables
    • Ethical principles
      • Confidentiality
      • Right to withdraw
      • Informed consent
      • Deception
      • Debriefing
      • Protection from harm ,mentally or physically
    • Experiment types
      • Field experiment - Done outside of a laboratory, in a natural setting. Holds ecological validity as participants are under no obligation to participate.
      • Laboratory experiment - Takes place in a controlled environment where variables are controlled. May lack ecological validity as participants are under a close eye of experimenters.
      • Natural experiments. An experiment which takes place with no interference from psychologists. All variables are undetermined. A very ecologically valid experiment.It would be difficult to repeat
    • Research design method
      • Repeated measures design
        • A research design where the same participants are used for all conditions in the experiment
          • We have previous results to compare
      • Matched pairs design
        • Easily done with twins to save matching participants in important factors such as age ,sex, social status and intelligence
          • Positive :  The participants are matched on key variables, so the participant variables are reduced, which would allow the researcher to gather more accurate results. There is no order effect.
          • Negative : It is difficult to match pairs and requires many participants
      • Independent groups design
        • When two groups are tested and compared. Sometimes the groups experience different levels of independent variables or types
          • Positive : Can be used when a repeated measure design cannot be used because the investigation requires separate groups. i.e. Men & Women
          • Negative :There may be important differences between the groups.This may be responsible for difference in results
      • Longitudinal studies
        • A study conducted over a long period of time,a month a year or longer
          • Positive : Allows researchers to see long term effects of upbrining and experiences
          • Contact may be lost with participants or they may withdraw.This would provide a bias sample.As those mentioned are not necessarily a typical person.
      • Cross-sectional studies
        • A comparison study of people of different ages, this study is done at one point in time .
          • This study is easy to conduct
          • Cohort effect may take place.

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