Research methods & ethics revision map
- Created by: MrsPSB
- Created on: 18-03-17 15:58
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- Research methods and ethics
- Variables
- Independent variable : Manipulated by experimenters Also known as cause
- Dependent variable: The aspect that will be measured by the changes
- Extraneous variables : A variable that is not the Independent variable but could effect the dependent variable.(Outcome)
- Extraneous variables : Confounding variables Situational variables
- Ethical principles
- Confidentiality
- Right to withdraw
- Informed consent
- Deception
- Debriefing
- Protection from harm ,mentally or physically
- Experiment types
- Field experiment - Done outside of a laboratory, in a natural setting. Holds ecological validity as participants are under no obligation to participate.
- Laboratory experiment - Takes place in a controlled environment where variables are controlled. May lack ecological validity as participants are under a close eye of experimenters.
- Natural experiments. An experiment which takes place with no interference from psychologists. All variables are undetermined. A very ecologically valid experiment.It would be difficult to repeat
- Research design method
- Repeated measures design
- A research design where the same participants are used for all conditions in the experiment
- We have previous results to compare
- A research design where the same participants are used for all conditions in the experiment
- Matched pairs design
- Easily done with twins to save matching participants in important factors such as age ,sex, social status and intelligence
- Positive : The participants are matched on key variables, so the participant variables are reduced, which would allow the researcher to gather more accurate results. There is no order effect.
- Negative : It is difficult to match pairs and requires many participants
- Easily done with twins to save matching participants in important factors such as age ,sex, social status and intelligence
- Independent groups design
- When two groups are tested and compared. Sometimes the groups experience different levels of independent variables or types
- Positive : Can be used when a repeated measure design cannot be used because the investigation requires separate groups. i.e. Men & Women
- Negative :There may be important differences between the groups.This may be responsible for difference in results
- When two groups are tested and compared. Sometimes the groups experience different levels of independent variables or types
- Longitudinal studies
- A study conducted over a long period of time,a month a year or longer
- Positive : Allows researchers to see long term effects of upbrining and experiences
- Contact may be lost with participants or they may withdraw.This would provide a bias sample.As those mentioned are not necessarily a typical person.
- A study conducted over a long period of time,a month a year or longer
- Cross-sectional studies
- A comparison study of people of different ages, this study is done at one point in time .
- This study is easy to conduct
- Cohort effect may take place.
- A comparison study of people of different ages, this study is done at one point in time .
- Repeated measures design
- Variables
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