Reproduction in plants
- Created by: emews
- Created on: 14-11-17 17:48
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- Reproduction in plants
- There are two types of reproduction - sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction.
- Two parents are needed in sexual reproduction, and the offspring produced are genetically different to the parents.
- Only one parent is needed in asexual reproduction, and the offspring produced are genetically identical.
- These are some of the advantages of sexual reproduction:
- introduces variation into a population
- the species can adapt to new environments
- a disease is less likely to affect all the individuals in a population
- These are some of the disadvantages of sexual reproduction:
- time and energy are needed to find a mate
- not possible for an isolated individual
- The advantages of asexual reproduction include:
- population can increase rapidly
- can exploit a suitable habitat quickly
- The disadvantages include:
- does not lead to variation in a population
- the species may only be suited to one habitat
- disease may affect all the individuals in a population
- Flowers are important in the sexual reproduction of plants. They produce male sex cells (pollen grains) and female sex cells (contained in the ovules).
- The female parts of the flower together are called the carpel.
- Flowers with brightly-coloured petals are usually insect-pollinated flowers. Insects carry pollen from one flower to another.
- Grasses have wind-pollinated flowers.
- When a pollen grain lands on the stigma of a flower of the correct species, a pollen tube begins to grow.
- After fertilisation the female parts of the flower develop into a fruit:
- the ovules become seeds
- the rest of the carpel becomes the fruit
- A seed has three main parts:
- embryo – the young root and shoot that will become the adult plant
- food store – starch for the young plant to use until it is able to carry out photosynthesis
- seed coat – a tough protective outer covering
- Germination is a process, controlled by enzymes, in which the seed begins to develop into a new young plant.
- There are two types of reproduction - sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction.
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