Age Representations

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  • Representations of Age
    • Childhood
      • 7 stereotypes of childhood
        • Viictim
          • Madeline Mcann
        • Cute
          • babies in nappy ads
        • little devils
          • bart simpson
        • Brilliant
          • child genius
            • So much pressure on these children that might lead to mental health problems
        • Brave little sufferers
          • child cancer survivors
        • accessories
          • Kardashian/Jenner children
            • may result in the child having a sheltered way of life or even being neglected by their parents
        • Modern
          • thongs being sold for children age 4-7
      • Heintz-Knowles' study of children on American TV (2002)
        • chilren portrayed as motivated primarily by relationships, sports and romance
          • least often by community,religion and school
        • children shown to deal with societal issues e.g. racism
        • most representations of children are positive showing them engaging in pro social actions
      • Evans and Chandler (2006)
        • Suggested the emergence of child pester power
    • Youth
      • subject of negative media stereotyping
        • shown as immoral, anti-authority and a social problem
          • can even be constructed as folk devils as part of a moral panic
      • there is a whole media industry times at socially constructing youth in terms of lifestyle and identity
        • social networking sites and record/digital music companies
      • Study by  Wayne et al confirms the negative portrayal of youths in society
        • media only deliver a one dimensional picture of youth
          • encourages fear and condemnation opposed to understanding
        • distracts from the real problems youths face in contemporary society
          • homelessness, not being able to climb the housing ladder, unemployment, mental health
      • Theoretical explanations
        • Functionalists
          • media representations normalise boundaries of socially acceptable behaviour
            • young people may be subjected to negative peer pressure and be encouraged to indulge in deviant behaviour
            • remind adolescents what is expected of them and the punishments they can expect if they transgress
        • pluralists
          • representations reflect social reality
            • young people commit more crime than any other social group
          • criminal behaviour is newsworthy - people want to read about youth crime (drives profits)
        • GUMG
          • the agenda as far as reporting of youth is concerned is set by older people and consequently is negative
        • postmodernists
          • negative portrayals are only a small aspect of media representations which are actually diverse and pluralistic
          • recognise young people are accomplished creators and users of new media
            • use a plethora of new media to construct new identities
    • Old Age
      • largely invisible in the media or presented in different ways
        • generally devalued by some parts of the media industry - ageing should be avoided at all costs
      • The charity age concern (2000)
        • the elderly are underrepresented in mass media, tend to be ageist and presented in one of three ways
          • grumpy
            • moaning about the behaviour of young people and complaining about the modern world
            • resistant to social change
          • mentally challenged
            • feeble minded or severely confused
            • growing old involves loss or decline of mental functions
          • A burden
            • portrayed as an economic burden on society
        • the grey pound
          • amount spent by the elderly on consumer goods
      • different representations for men and women
        • women
          • neglected as soon as they are seen not to fit in with conventional beauty standards
        • men
          • can be portrayed as old and ****
            • liam neeson had a love interest you enough to be his daughter (awks)
      • Cuddy and Fiske
        • Sowed US TV portrayed 1.5% of characters as 'old"

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