Religious participation
- Created by: maddieecarr
- Created on: 03-06-22 14:59
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- Trends in religious participation
- Ethnicity
- Visible religious commitment is higher amongst minority ethnic groups
- Reasons for this trend
- Community and cohesion means that they can maintain their traditions
- Socialisation reasons in a new country
- Cultural transition
- Allows a safe place to defend against hatred
- Cultural defence
- Provides a secure identity and can support those who are socially deprived
- Pressures from family structures and religious socialisation is valued
- Age
- It is an ethnocentric view to state that older people are more religious
- 22% of Christians are over 65
- 88% of Muslims are aged 50 or under
- Reasons for rise in older people
- Disengagement - religion provides support for isolated and lonely individuals
- Generation effect - older people are more likely to be religiously socialised in childhood
- Ageing effect - due to illness and closeness to death older people are more likely to turn to religion for security and support with this.
- Reasons for decline in youth
- Privatisation of belief may mean that young people are still religious but not openly practicing
- Expandied spiritual marketplace means that there is diverse beliefs to pick from
- Decline in religious education and socialisation
- Leisure is increasing
- Religion has lesss attraction to young people and does not fit with their attitudes
- It is an ethnocentric view to state that older people are more religious
- Gender
- Women are more likely to be a part of religion in some way
- Practice private prayer
- Volunteer with the church
- Have stronger personal faith
- Attend more regularly
- Reasons for female participation
- Miller and Hoffman gender socialisation - they are expected attend church as this fits with their housewife and motherly role
- Halman and Draulans gender roles - due to maternal instinct women are more likely to want rto control moral development and socialise religiously
- Davie Visions of God - women see god as a loving figure (feminine traits) whereas men associate God with control
- Gender differences in life create higher challenges e.g childbirth
- Longer life expectancy means that older women may use church as support for their loneliness
- More vulnerability and awareness of sickness/death
- Reasons for falling female attendance
- Declining fertility rates means that the older women are not being replaced
- Due to feminism, values and roles are changing
- No time due to increased leisure and employment
- Attitudes of the church do not fit with women e.g abortion, sexuality, gender roles
- Women are more likely to be a part of religion in some way
- Class
- The middle class have higher rates of church attendance than the lower class and there is higher participation in:
- South of England
- Rural areas
- Areas with high performing church schools
- Patterns of belief contradict the patterns of attendance which suggests belonging but not believing
- Reasons for these trends
- Marginalisation leads to joining WRM sects and fundamentalist groups
- Spiritual deprivation leads to MC joining cults, WAffM and NAMs
- When social change occurs sects and fundamentalist groups are joined
- Theodicy of disprivilege means WC will turn to beliefs which promise reincarnation e.g Hinduism
- The middle class have higher rates of church attendance than the lower class and there is higher participation in:
- Ethnicity
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