Religion and development
- Created by: chicalatina
- Created on: 06-03-14 13:15
View mindmap
- Religion and development
- Globalisation
- Brought rapid economic growth in India and rising prosperity to a new middle class.
- Nanda - Hinduism legitimises the rise of a new Hindu 'ultra-nationalism' and the prosperity of the Indian middle class.
- Globalisation has created a scientifically educated, urban middle class - secularisation theory predicts these will be the first to abandon religion.
- Survey(2007) - Indians becoming more religious, only 5% said their religiosity declined.
- Nanda - rejects poverty, modernisation/ westernisation and existential insecurity as a reason to what motivates spohisticated m/c to believe in miracles and supernatural beings.
- M/c increasing religiosity is the result of their many emotions about their newfound wealth.
- This creates a tension between traditional Hindu belief in renouncing material and wordly desires, and the new prosperity of the m/c.
- This tension is resolved by tele-gurus and holy men preaching that desire isn't bad, but a manifestation of divinity that motivates people to do things.
- Also teach m/c consumerism can be 'spiritually balanced' by paying for the performance of appropriate/ extravagant rituals.
- These modern versions legitmate the position of m/c and allow them to adjust to globalised consumer capitalism.
- Brought rapid economic growth in India and rising prosperity to a new middle class.
- Ultra-nationalism
- India's success in the glocal market is increasingly due to the superiority of 'Hindu values'.
- It's constantly promoted by the media and politicians and the idea that Hinduism is the essence of Indian culture and identity.
- The worship of Hindu gods has become the same as worshipping the nation of India - Hinduism = civil religion, which creates a split between Hindus and non-Hindus.
- Has penetrated public life.
- Education - 'Hindu sciences' like astrology to supposedly predict naural disasters.
- Ministry of Defence - sponsoring reasearch and development of weapons and devices with magical powers mentioned in the ancient Hindu texts.
- Health ministry - investigating in research and development of cow urine as a cure from AIDS and TB.
- India's success in the glocal market is increasingly due to the superiority of 'Hindu values'.
- Capitalism in East Asia
- 'Tiger economies' - South Korea, Taiwan, have succesfully industrialised and become significant players in the glocal economy.
- Success of capitalism is linked to religion - Calvinism.
- Redding - the spirit of capitalism among Chinese entrepreneurs is due to their 'post-Confucian' values which enourage hard-work, self-discipline and a commitment to education.
- The effectiveness is similar to the Protestant ethic as it lead to economic productivity and the accumulation of capital.
- Pentecostalism in Latin America
- Berger - acts as a 'functional equivalent' to the Protestant ethic, as they encourage a work ethic and a ascetic lifestyle.
- Pentecostalism has astrong affinity eit modern capitalism.
- Berger agrees with Weber that this is needed to promote economic development and raise a society out of poverty.
- This process can be lead by an active minority with an ethic of this wordly asceticism like the Pentecostalists.
- E.g. southern Brazil there is now a growing and prosperous Pentecostalist middle class leading capitalist developement.
- This process can be lead by an active minority with an ethic of this wordly asceticism like the Pentecostalists.
- Lehmann
- Two reasons as to why Christianity has globalised from Europe to South America and Africa.
- 1st - Christianity accompanied colonoisation and ws imposed on the native populations by invasion of restraining local religions.
- 2nd - gained popular followers.
- Petecostalism creates new local religious forms, incorporating existing local beliefs rather than replacing them.
- In Africa it has led to the 'Africanisation' of Christianity.
- Successful in developing countres as it appeals to the poor which makes most of the population and it uses global communications media - road shows, 'celebrity' preachers.
- Two reasons as to why Christianity has globalised from Europe to South America and Africa.
- Globalisation
Comments
No comments have yet been made