Religion and Social Change
- Created by: Gcostin
- Created on: 21-02-18 15:34
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- Religion and Social change
- Religion as a conservative force
- traditonal
- maintaining status quo
- traditional conservative beliefs about moral issues oppose changes that allow freedom- catholic church forbids divorce
- uphold "family values" support patriarchal domestic divisions of labour- hinduism endorses arranged marriage
- conserve/preserve things. creates social stability
- functionalists: maintains social stability and prevents disintergration
- Religion and capitalism- conservative ideology prevents social change
- religion and patriarchy- conervative force that legitimates patriarchy and maintains oppression of women
- Weber
- religious beliefs of calvinism brought emergance of modern capitalism
- modern capitalism- systematic, efficient, rational pursit of profit- spirit of capitalism
- Calvinist beliefs
- Predestination- god determines who will be saved- you can not change this
- Divine transcendence- god is so above his world no one can claim to know his will
- calvinists feel unprecendented inner lonliness- "salvation panic"
- Asceticism- self discipline
- Idea of a vocation- calling to serve god- in everyday world of work
- calvinists shut out all luxury and worked hard to promote self discipline
- driven by worth ethic
- if they prospered it was a sign of gods favour
- Tawney- technological change not religious ideas brought about capitalism
- Kautsky- over estimate role of ideas and underestimating economic factors. Capitalism came before calvinism
- Religion and social protest
- Bruce
- American civil rights movement
- black civil rights attempted to end racial segregation
- movement began in 1955 and direct action through marches, protests were held
- black clergy shamed whites into changing laws by appealing to share christian values
- religion in this context is an ideological resource
- taking the moral highground
- channelling disent
- acting as an honest broker
- mobilising public opinon
- The new christian right
- politcially morally coservative protestant conservative group
- aims to make abortion, homosexuality and divorce illegal
- believes in traditional gender roles
- uses televangelism- tv raise funds
- NRC is unsuccessful as it has only ever has 15% of follwoing
- american democratic values allow for americans being comfortable legalising homeosexuality
- Marxism, Religion and Change
- religion can have a duel character- sometimes being a force for change as well as stability
- Principle of hope
- Bloch
- religion has a duel character
- religion inspires change- inspire protest and rebellion
- religion is our dreams of a better life
- images of utopia can blind people- promises of a better life in heaven
- a vision for a better world and strive for social change
- Liberation theology(LT)
- emerged in catholic church in latin america
- growth of rural poverty and urban slums and human right abusers following military take-overs
- LT emphasis "praxis"- political action guided by theory
- priests leading literacy programmes
- LT avoided dictatorship and bringing social democracy in Latin America
- Pentecostal challange
- individuals must pull themselves out of poverty by changing their personal behaviour
- Maduro- LT shows religion can be revolutionary- LT helped bring democracy
- Millenarian movements
- Woresly
- total and imminent transformation of this world by supernatural means, creating heaven on earth
- appeals to poor as they promise immediate action
- Cargo cults- islanders felt deprived when cargo arrived for the colonists
- believed cargo was meant for them but had been redirected to the whites
- brings about widespread unrest
- Woresly
- Religion and Hegemony
- Gramsci
- maintain control through hegemony
- italy 1960s- conservative ideological power of catholic church helped win support for the fascist reigme
- religion can challenge the ruling classes
- w/c see's through the ruling class hegemony
- Religion and class conflict
- Billings
- applies Gramsci's ideas to coalminers and textile workers
- both were w/c and evangelical protestant
- miners were more militant, struggling for better conditions
- both were w/c and evangelical protestant
- miners benefitted from the leadership of organic intellectuals
- different levels of militancy can be understood in terms of hegemony
- Religion as a conservative force
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