Psychological Investigations : Reliability and Validity

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  • Reliability and validity
    • Validity  refers to what extent a study is measuring what it is supposed to be measuring
      • The main way to evaluate the validity of a measuring device is by looking at the face validity
        • Face validity refers to the extent to which a measure appears on the surface to measure what it is suppose to measure.
      • You can also look at the validity of a procedure
        • Can it be generalised?
        • Is it ecologically valid?
    • Reliability refers to how consistent a study or measuring device is
      • A measurement is said to be reliable if the measurement can produce similar results if used again in similar circumstances.
      • There are two types of reliability
        • Internal
          • Internal reliability refers to the extent to which a measure is consistent within itself.
          • One way of testing reliability is repeating the same question in a questionnaire. If the answers are the same, it has a high reliability
        • External
          • External reliability refers to the extent to which a measure varies from one use to another
          • One way of testing reliability is doing the same test again on the same participant, for example an IQ test. If the scores are the same/close, it has high reliabilty

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