Assessing validity and reliability in research methods
- Created by: Clem_co
- Created on: 08-12-16 09:10
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- Research Methods - Validity & Reliability
- Experiments
- Natural/Quasi
- IV is already present
- E.g age & demographics
- lack of controls
- allows EVs & CV
- Low internal reliability
- high in ecological validity
- allows EVs & CV
- can be repeated
- High external reliability
- IV is already present
- Laboratory
- Exp is carried out in a controlled environment with full manipulation of the IV
- standarised procedure
- allows replication
- High external reliability
- high in concurrent validity
- allows replication
- control of extraneous and confounding variables which may effect the DV
- High internal reliability
- low in ecological validity
- standarised procedure
- Exp is carried out in a controlled environment with full manipulation of the IV
- Field
- Natural enviroment
- high ecological validity
- Natural enviroment
- Natural/Quasi
- Observations
- Controlled observations
- manipulation of IV to observe behavior
- e.g. punk'ed
- high internal reliability
- e.g. punk'ed
- manipulation of IV to observe behavior
- Natural observations
- recording behavior/ activity
- no controls
- low external reliability
- high in ecological validity
- no controls
- recording behavior/ activity
- Structured observation
- clear behavioral categories
- E.g. pushing oppedsed to aggression
- high internal validity
- E.g. pushing oppedsed to aggression
- clear behavioral categories
- covert
- pps are unaware that they are being observed
- no chance of demand characteristics
- high internal reliability
- no chance of demand characteristics
- pps are unaware that they are being observed
- unstructured observation
- overt
- pps are aware that they are being observed
- possibility of demand characteristics
- low internal reliability
- investigator effects
- possibility of demand characteristics
- pps are aware that they are being observed
- participant obersvations
- possibility of going native
- bias in the results
- low internal reliability
- bias in the results
- possibility of going native
- Non- participant observations
- Controlled observations
- Case Studies
- open to subjectivity
- very unscientific
- low in population and ecological validity
- very unscientific
- open to subjectivity
- Experiments
- Self reports
- Questionnairs
- open questions
- produces qualitative data
- low external reliability
- improving reliability
- re- write ambiguous questions
- responses vary
- improving reliability
- high in validity
- low external reliability
- produces qualitative data
- closed questions
- set responses lead to quantitative data
- high internal reliability
- to improve external reliability : test-retest
- high concurrent validity
- high internal reliability
- set responses lead to quantitative data
- open questions
- Interviews
- structured interview
- high internal reliability
- structured interview
- Questionnairs
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