Reicher and Haslam
- Created by: emma
- Created on: 09-03-14 16:40
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- Reicher and Haslam
- Aim
- If people really accept given roles uncritically
- If those in power exercise it without restraint
- I fthose without power accept their situation without complaint
- Method
- IV's
- Permeability of roles
- Legitimacy of roles (not introduced)
- Cognitive alternatives
- DV's
- Clinical variables
- Social variables
- Organisational variables
- prison in elmstree film studios with lockable cells
- Experimental case study
- IV's
- Ethics
- ppt's medical, clinical and background was screened
- ppt's were monitored by clinical psychologists
- Paramedic always on duty
- Security guards present
- 5 person ethic committee could terminate experiment
- Participants
- 332 applied in response to adverts in local press
- Psychometric tests measuring social and clinical variables
- Full wekend assessment by clinical psychologists
- Reduced to 27
- Psychometric tests measuring social and clinical variables
- Medical and character references obtained and police checks
- Reduced to 27
- Medical and character references obtained and police checks
- 15 were chosen to represent diversity
- matched into 5 groups of 3 (personality variables)
- one randomly allocated guard
- matched into 5 groups of 3 (personality variables)
- Procedure
- Guards
- Met at a hotel the night before
- shown time table and told to make the prison run smoothly
- Asked to draw up a set of rules (no physical violence aloud)
- Given tour of prison and keys
- Had superior accommodation and meals
- Had formal trousers, shirt and tie
- Met at a hotel the night before
- Prisoners
- Arrived and heads shaven, given a tshirt with a 3 digit number, loose trousers and flimsy sandals
- Only told no violence was allowed
- Loud speaker announced one could be promoted
- Guards
- Results
- Phase 1
- Social identification
- guards did not develop group identity as could not agree common norms
- Could not internalize power
- Thought it was unfair that they had complete power
- Social identification (prisoners)
- in first 3 days failed to identify as a group
- Worked hard to become promoted
- Behaviour was self interested
- Permeability of roles
- After day 3 when a prisoner was promoted there could be no more role changes
- Prisoners developed a group identity
- Started challenging guards
- Clinical variables
- Prisoners levels of self efficacy increased and depression decreased
- opposite true for guards
- Psychometric tests
- Prisoners levels of self efficacy increased and depression decreased
- Cognitive alternatives
- trade union official introduced on day 5
- Prisoners became aware of cognitive alternatives
- Prisoners broke out of cells on day 6
- trade union official introduced on day 5
- Social identification
- Phase 2
- Participants decided to continue as a self governing commune
- Some participants felt marginalized and failed to contribute to commune
- Began to violate rules but there was no procedure for dealing with rebellion
- Day 8 rebels were planning to implement an authoritarian system
- Began to violate rules but there was no procedure for dealing with rebellion
- Phase 1
- Conclusion
- Peoples behaviour governed by social norms of group
- Failing groups creates problems as people accept extreme alternatives
- Breakdown of groups and powerlessness of individuals creates tyranny
- Aim
- Began to violate rules but there was no procedure for dealing with rebellion
- Day 8 rebels were planning to implement an authoritarian system
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