regulation media exam

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  • Regulation
    • Ofcom
      • Statuary
        • May be influenced by government
          • however well funded 'super regulator'
      • Reactive
        • scheduled programming can be easily accessed online
          • Possible harmful content could already become public access
            • can do nothing if a career allows a child to watch an unsuitable programme
      • Woolwich attack
        • 680 complaints
          • Graphic, distressing and disrespectful
          • accused of giving the attackers 'a platform to justify & explain his actions.
            • did not breach any of their regulatory guidelines and the content was justified by the context
              • OFCOM believe that this news report was important to be seen by a wide audience in order to warn and protect them from terrorism
          • Ofcom believed coverage was 'justified by the context'
            • various warnings were given to viewers
      • Benefits Street
        • 1700 complaints
          • negatively portraying benefits claimants
            • Poverty is not protected under the antidiscrimination act which therefore means that it was not seen as bad or illegal. 
            • poor people become a scapegoat for the government.
          • OFCOM stated that they would not investigate into the programme until it had aired all 6 episodes 
            • "Whilst some material in the series was capable of causing offence, it was justified by the context"
              • Did not breach broadcasting guidelines
        • sparked twitter hate
          • internet is the only form of unregulated media
        • 'Poverty ****'
      • Big Brother
        • over 1,200 complaints
          • Homophobic & racist comments
          • Ofcom fined Channel 5
            • Channel 5 continued to broadcast such content as it gained publicity
              • Homophobic & racist comments
      • protects vulnerable from being exposed to inappropriate TV contnet
    • BBFC
      • Self-regulatory
      • Proactive
        • can also be re-active if they receive complaints about a classified film upon its release.
      • Age certifications advice parents on suitability of a film
        • U
          • Suitable for all
            • no discriminatory language reference to drugs/sexual content
            • Mild violence only
        • PG
          • Some scenes may be unsuitable for young children
            • anti-drug messages acceptable and innuendo, no obviously graphic content
        • 12
          • adults may take a younger child to the cinema
        • 15
          • violence may be strong but not dwell on inflicting pain
            • no strong sexual detail
        • 18
          • In line with the Human Rights Act 1998, adults should be free to choose their own entertainment
            • no explicit images of sexual activity that cant be justified by context
        • Introduced Parent Port to educate parents about film content their children maybe consuming
          • BBFC have not banned a film for 3 years suggesting they have become redundant as a body.
            • society effects regulation as we have become desensitised by graphic and violent content and sex & has become more concerned with discrimination
      • Established in 1912 known as 'British Board of film censors', local authorities imposed censorship
        • 1984 became 'British board of film classification'
          • Category cuts=  BBFC will consider whether a lower rating could be achieved through minor or simple changes
          • Compulsory cuts = footage must be removed or no age certification can be given
      • BBFC struggles with internet being unregulated: it undermines their code of conduct as films can be found online and accessed by anyone
    • Theories
      • Catharsis
        • Emotional effect experienced by people who nuse media to purge negative emotions
          • By watching characters experience tragic events the viewer is emotionally purged
      • Desensitisation
        • The more violence viewers are exposed to over a period of time, the less sensitive they become to it
          • The violence seems to no longer bother them
      • CopyCat
        • audiences will copy what they see in the media
          • imitable behaviour
      • Uses & Gratification
        • people use the media to their advantage to meet their individual needs
          • Cognitive- to gain information
          • Affective- to satisfy emotional needs
          • Personal integrative- to change their lifestyle
          • Tension free- as an outlet
          • Social integrative- to satisfy social needs
      • Cultivation
        • media affects peoples attitudes rather than actions
          • over exposure to media can blur an audiences sense of reality
    • Video nasties
      • Video Recordings Act 1984
        • Banned unregulated films
          • Imitable behaviour
          • passive auidences
          • censorship over individual freedom
        • Legislation bought in under false pretences
          • Evidence 'will' show
            • no real evidence
        • Moral panic caused by government resulted in legislation; believed effect on morality
    • 1953 'The wild ones' 12 rating now but it was banned as it 'encouraged imitation & glorified gangs
      • Strict conservative gov
        • Moral panic caused by government resulted in legislation; believed effect on morality

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