Reconstructive Memory
- Created by: 11pyoung
- Created on: 10-04-17 09:32
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- Reconstructive Memory
- Perception
- Bartlett found that participants assigned verbal labels or names for each shape or object they saw
- Perception of the shape or object determines how it is rememmbered
- Bartlett found that participants assigned verbal labels or names for each shape or object they saw
- Imaging
- Descriptions of inkblots were dependent on individual's interests and experiences as well as their moods
- Ppts spent considerable effort in trying to connect a stimulus with some knowledge or experience they possess
- Once meaning is found it can be more readily assimilated and stored
- Remembering
- Repeated reproduction was used to test the effect of time on remembering the 'War of Ghosts' story
- Bartlett found that the story became considerably shortened because of:
- Omissions
- The phrases reflected modern society
- The story became more coherent
- Bartlett concluded that memory is reconstructed each time it is recalled
- It is rarely accurate and prone to:
- Distortion
- Rationalisation
- Transformation
- Simplification
- It is rarely accurate and prone to:
- Bartlett found that the story became considerably shortened because of:
- The process of remembering is constructive in nature and influenced by inferences
- Repeated reproduction was used to test the effect of time on remembering the 'War of Ghosts' story
- As a theory of Memory
- Rather than viewing memory as a passive and faithful record of what was experienced, Bartlett viewed memory as constructive
- Previous knowledge is used to interpret information to be stored and to actively reconstruct memories to be recalled.
- In order to remember something we interpret an event and make notes on it
- When it comes to recalling the event we actively draw on past experiences to reinterpret the notes, fill in the gaps and transform it into a coherent memory
- In order to remember something we interpret an event and make notes on it
- Previous knowledge is used to interpret information to be stored and to actively reconstruct memories to be recalled.
- Rather than viewing memory as a passive and faithful record of what was experienced, Bartlett viewed memory as constructive
- Schema theory
- Schemas are parcels of stored knowledge or a mental representation of an event or information linked by semantics
- Bartlett argued that we don't remember all we perceive
- We draw on our schema to fill in the gaps when we recall an event
- Recall is an active reconstruction of an event strongly influenced by:
- Previously stored knowledge
- Expectations
- Beliefs
- Schemas are used in recognition and interpretation of unfamiliar objects and events.
- Evaluation
- Bartlett based much of his research on story and object recall
- Some criticised his use of 'The War of the Ghosts' story because:
- It has little relevance to everyday memory
- It was being a deliberate attempt to orchestrate evidence for his schema theory
- Bartlett conducted his repeated reproduction experiments using eight different stories on different ppts and found the same general shortening, transformation, familiarisation and omission
- It can be argued that memory for any type of story or object is subject to the same memory errors
- Criticism is further directed at Bartlett due to his overstatement of memory as inaccurate and flawed
- Perception
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