Reconstruction
- Created by: Bobwilliams
- Created on: 05-06-15 20:12
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- Reconstruction
- Emancipation proclomation 1863
- Slavery would remain untouched in the states that returned to the union by January 1863
- There after all slaves in emenemy territory conquered by Union armys would be foreever free
- Changed war aims to end slavery
- 13th Amendment 1865
- Abolished slavery
- Reconstruction confederate style
- After following Johnsons steps and becoming a state they then proceeded to elect legislatures,govoners and members of congress
- The south then searched for means of keeping the free men under control
- No state southern state granted equal citizenship and the vote to blacks
- Instead introduced Black codes. To ensure that blacks remained second class citizens
- Some codes meant that blacks had to carry around employment documents with them .
- Those that were broke or unemployed could forcibly be sent to work
- Some codes prevented blacks from renting/buying land
- Some prevented them from receiving poor relief and education
- Some codes prevented blacks from renting/buying land
- Those that were broke or unemployed could forcibly be sent to work
- Enforced by a white legal system that made little that justic was being enforced correctly
- Some codes meant that blacks had to carry around employment documents with them .
- Instead introduced Black codes. To ensure that blacks remained second class citizens
- No state southern state granted equal citizenship and the vote to blacks
- Wanted to return the South back to how it was
- Although Johnson new this was happening but he believed in a states rights ideollogy
- Restoration was complete in December 1865
- Colonisation schemes
- Lincoln was worried that Blacks and whites would not get on therefore set up schemes for them to move to latin America/ Carrabian
- Congress vs Johnson
- Congress tried to enlarge the powers of the Freemens bureau
- Johnson vetoed it
- Republicans could no longer work with him
- Moderate and radical republicans joined forces
- Introduced a civil rights act in which aimed to give minimal rights to blacks
- Define all people born in the USA as national citizens
- Measure allowed federal government to intervene in states affairs where necessary to protect rights of US citizens
- Johnson vetoed this act
- April 1866 a two thirds majority override Johnsons vetoe
- Cicil rights act become law few weeks later congress passed a second freedmen bureau act over Johnsons vetoe
- April 1866 a two thirds majority override Johnsons vetoe
- Johnson vetoed this act
- Measure allowed federal government to intervene in states affairs where necessary to protect rights of US citizens
- Define all people born in the USA as national citizens
- Introduced a civil rights act in which aimed to give minimal rights to blacks
- Moderate and radical republicans joined forces
- Republicans could no longer work with him
- Johnson vetoed it
- Congress tried to enlarge the powers of the Freemens bureau
- Freedmens bureau March 3rd 1865
- Set up to help relieve suffering of Southern blacks and poor whites
- By providing food ,cloths ,medical care , established schools and offered legal assistance
- Setttled ex slaves onto confederate confiscated lands
- By providing food ,cloths ,medical care , established schools and offered legal assistance
- The bureau was prevented from fully carrying out its programs due to a shortage of funds and personnel
- Closed in 1872
- Set up to help relieve suffering of Southern blacks and poor whites
- Death of Lincoln 14th April 1865
- Killed by John Booth
- Andrew Johnson Reconstruction 1865
- Had said previous that he would take a togher approach to the rebels
- Said he would continue Lincolns policies and kept his cabinet
- Wanted USA to return to normal ASAP
- Saw no alternative but to work with ex-confederates
- May 1865 extended recognition to Southern governments creayed under Lincolns administartion
- General amnesty to Southerners made them swear an oath of allegiance
- Confederate office holders were exempted however they could apply for a pardon in which he gave thousands
- If pardoned land was returned to them
- Made the process of states returning to the union easy
- Appointed provisional state governors
- They held elections where whites could vote for state conventions
- The new conventions were to draw up new constitutions in which made slavery illegal
- When this was done states were readmitted into the union
- The new conventions were to draw up new constitutions in which made slavery illegal
- They held elections where whites could vote for state conventions
- Appointed provisional state governors
- 14th Amendment
- Two prevent the Civil righhts act could not be changed in the future both houses of congress embodied the civil rights act
- This therefore guranteed all citizens equality through the law
- Added to constitution July 1868
- Two prevent the Civil righhts act could not be changed in the future both houses of congress embodied the civil rights act
- 1866 midterm election
- Republicans won all but 3 states
- Had two thirds majority in both houses meaning they could override any presedential vetoe
- Republicans won all but 3 states
- Radical (congressional reconstruction
- Republicans dominated congress it now took over the reconstruction process
- In 1867 passed congress passed a military reconstruction act
- No legal governments excisted in any ex confederate states except Tennessee
- 10 southern states to be divided into 5 military districts
- Each under a federal commander
- To return to the union southern states had to ellect contitutional conventions which would accept the 14th amendment
- Also reduced Johnsons power
- Commander of Army act - reduced Johnsons military power
- Tenure office act - barred him from removing office holders
- In 1867 passed congress passed a military reconstruction act
- Republicans dominated congress it now took over the reconstruction process
- Johnson impeached
- Republicans convinced that Johnson had broken the law
- After a two month trial Johnson he was not impeach due to not having a two thirds majority against him (short by 1 vote)
- Although he survived for most of his term he was a lame duck president
- However he pardonned loads of leading southerners
- Grant becomes president 1868
- Won easily due to Democrats campaighning against black equality
- 15th Amendment
- Added to constitution in 1870
- Stated that the right to vote should not be denied on account of race , colour of previous conditions of servitude
- Civil rights act of 1875
- Forbidding discrimination in hotels, trains, and other public spaces, was unconstitutiona
- 1877 Compromise
- Cause
- 1876 election Tilden vs Hayes
- Solutution
- Hayes acepted as president
- In return all troops withdrawn from the South
- Recognise democrat government in the 3 disputed states
- Hayes acepted as president
- Cause
- Emancipation proclomation 1863
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