realism on crime
done in note form
- Created by: Rhianna Hall
- Created on: 12-06-14 19:34
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- Realism
- Left realism
- thinking
- emphasise social causes of crime which might be characterised as tough on causes of crime e.g. poverty
- recog that offender & victim = those w/ highest lev of marg & social exclusion (poor)
- emph need to tackle material & cultural dep as risk factors for crime - particually amongst youg
- factors inc pov, unemp, poor housing etc
- policies
- build strong comms - local solutions - cohesion
- multi-agency working, inv everyone in fight ag crime
- creation of safer neighbourhood/ police & community together groups
- > democratic & comm cont of policing to win public conf to tackle causes of crime & encourage victims to report crime
- > time spent by police in investig crime
- tackling social dep & other risk factors for crime by improv comm facilities i.e. youth clubs
- EVAL
- soft on crime - focus too much on social causes of crime - downplay role of offender in choosing to commit crime
- explanations are inadequate - maj of these in dep comms don't turn to crime
- deflect attention away f/ > practical crime prev measures - e.g. tighter soc cont & sit crim prev e.g. target hardening
- ignore w.c.c; too much focus on w/c
- thinking
- Right realism
- thinking
- lays > stress on sit crim prev & being tough on crims
- focus on indivs rather than wider social issues
- indivs choose crime & must be dissuaded f/ committing crime & if can't, must be pun
- policies
- Sit crim prev (SCP)- like routine activity theory & rat choice theory (new right)
- routine activity theory - crime occurs part of everyday routine when 3 conditions present
- 1) suitable target 2) no 'capable guardian' 3) potential offender present
- rat choice theory - sees offenders as acting rationally weighing up benefits & costs of crime
- routine activity theory - crime occurs part of everyday routine when 3 conditions present
- SCP aims to make pot targets of crime > difficult & risky - target hardening
- this reduces crime & opps for crime
- therefore concerned w/ prev crime in locations rather than watching offenders
- this reduces crime & opps for crime
- increased soc cont
- linked to Hirschi's control theory - focus on tighter cont & socialisation
- policies e,g. making parents > resp for supervision of kids, neighbourhood watch, zero tolerance policy
- linked to Hirschi's control theory - focus on tighter cont & socialisation
- Sit crim prev (SCP)- like routine activity theory & rat choice theory (new right)
- EVAL
- don't address wider soc causes of crime
- don't allow that some people may be targeted unfairly by police
- assume offenders act rat in choosing crime
- SCP geograp limited - only prev crime in partic locations
- thinking
- Left realism
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