Random sampling

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  • RANDOM SAMPLING
    • PLANTS
      • RANDOM QUADRATS-plants within the quadrat studied and abundance measured
        • ABUNDANCE SCALE
          • abundance score applied to each species
            • E.G a=abundant c=common f=frequent o=occasional r=rare
        • PERCENTAGE COVER
          • percentage cover of each plant estimated
            • sometimes quadrat split into 100 squares to make easier
        • POINT FRAME
          • frame holding number of long needles used to measure % cover
            • each plant touching the needle is recorded
      • TRANSECTS- long rope or tape measure taken across habitat and samples taken along line
        • LINE TRANSECT
          • record plants touching the line at set intervals
        • INTERRUPTED BELT TRANSECT
          • quadrat used at set intervals along the line
        • CONTINUOUS BELT TRANSECT
          • quadrat used continuously along line
    • ANIMALS
      • SWEEP NETTING
        • sweep net through vegetation
          • release caught organisms onto white sheet and count
      • COLLECTING FROM TREES
        • white sheet held under tree and branched knocked
          • small animals drop and are counted
      • PITFALL TRAP
        • container buried in soil just below surface
          • any moving animals will fall in
      • TULLGREN FUNNEL
        • leaf litter placed in funnel with light above litter
          • light drives animals downwards
      • LIGHT TRAP
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