radical opposition
- Created by: tash.baines
- Created on: 02-06-21 15:43
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- radical opposition
- developed among younger generation
- nihilism became popular in 1860s
- 'Young Russia' group published manifesto in 1862
- argued for 'bloody and merciless revolution'
- 'The Organisation' set up in 1863
- set up by Moscow University students
- also called for radical reform
- student idealism and determination heightened
- repression of later 1860s
- influence of radical socialist eriters
- radical thinkers
- Nikolai Chernyshevsky
- author
- writings suggested peasants should lead revolutionary change
- Alexander Herzen
- editor of The Bell
- The Bell was an illegal radical journal
- advocated for a new peasant-based social structure
- editor of The Bell
- Mikhail Bakunin
- anarchist and socialist
- proposed private land ownership should be replaced by collective ownership
- income based on hours worked
- helped introduce Marxism into Russia
- Sergei Nechaev
- radical activist
- Catechism of a Revolutionary led to revolutionaries being merciless in aims
- Nikolai Chernyshevsky
- Tchaikovsky Circle
- set up in 1868-1869 in St. Petersburg
- primarily a literary society
- organised printing, publishing and distribution of scientific and revolutionary literature
- sought social revolution
- didn't sought political revolution
- organised workers in 1872 to send them to work among peasants in countryside
- Narodniks (Populists) - 'going to the people'
- Pyotr Lavrov encouraged around 2200 young men and women (mainly from nobility and intelligentsia) to travel to countryside (1874)
- exploit peasant discontent
- persuade peasantry that Russian future depended on developing peasant commune
- incomers reported to authority
- peasant ignorance, superstition and tsarist loyalty
- 1,600 arrested
- second attempt in 1876 failed
- series of show trials took place in 1877-1878
- spread radical opposition to countryside and showed gov. depth of opposition feelings
- Pyotr Lavrov encouraged around 2200 young men and women (mainly from nobility and intelligentsia) to travel to countryside (1874)
- 'Land and Liberty' (1877)
- continued Populist tradition
- some members sought work within peasantry more discreetly
- some carried out political assassinations
- Black Partition
- wanted to share black soil provinces in Russia among peasantry
- worked peacefully among peasantry
- hoped to stimulate social change without violence
- ceased to exist following arrests in 1880-1881
- some leaders turned to Marxism
- split in 1879
- The People's Will
- bigger group than Black Partition
- advocated violent methods, undermining gov. by assassinating officials
- tried unsuccessfully several times to kill Alex II
- finally succeeded in March 1881
- continued Populist tradition
- developed among younger generation
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