Queen, Government, and Religion
- Created by: ash8642
- Created on: 15-04-18 11:17
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- Queen, Government, and Religion
- Society and Government, 1558
- Ruling supported by Privy Council
- Around 20 of her most trusted counsellors
- Parliament made up of nobility and gentry
- Also enforced law and order
- Parliament only met when Elizabeth summoned it
- She avoided this - she only summoned 13 times in her reign
- Local Government posts were unpaid
- Many volunteered to increase their power and influence
- 90% of the population lived rural areas
- However, towns and cities were rapidly growing
- Economy was dominated by agriculture
- Poverty was a major problem
- Ruling supported by Privy Council
- Challenges to the Monarchy
- Third in line - no one thought she would be Queen
- Placed under house-arrest for suspected conspiracy against her half-sister
- Catholics declared Elizabeth illegitimate
- Divorce was illegal
- Henry's marriage to Anne was not valid
- Unnatural for a woman to be in charge
- Mary I's reign had been unsuccessful
- Thought women should be under men
- Expected Elizabeth to be a figurehead
- Marriage and Succession
- No close family
- Expected to produce an heir
- Reluctant to marry - would lose her power and freedom
- Money
- £300,000 in debt when Elizabeth came to the throne
- Income was only £286,667
- Taxes were unpopular and had to be agreed
- Challenges at home / from abroad
- War with France
- Mary I had started the war
- French conquered Calais
- War ended in 1559
- Scotland
- Controlled by Catholic France
- Rule was unpopular in Scotland
- French disliked Elizabeth as she was Protestant
- Threat that France would invade from Scotland
- John Knox rebelled French rule and appealed to England for support
- French defeated and forced to leave Scotland
- War with France
- Religious Divisions
- Protestant Reformation
- Questioned Pope
- Translated the Bible
- Thought Churches should be plain and simple
- Henry VIII broke away from Catholicism
- Wanted a divorce which the Pope refused
- Made himself head of CofE
- Didn't try to reform the English Church
- Edward VI wanted Protestantism
- Made churches and services simplier
- Statues and decorations removed
- Priests weren't allowed to wear elaborate vestments
- Services in English
- Mary I restored Catholicism
- She was a devote Catholic
- Removed Edward's reforms
- Protestants harshly persecuted
- Protestant Reformation
- The Religious Settlement, 1559
- Act of Supremacy
- Elizabeth became Supreme Governor of CofE
- Those holding public office to swear Oath of Supremecy
- Clergy would be punished if disloyal
- Appealed to Protestants and less-strict Catholics
- Act of Uniformity
- Reforms
- Going to church was compulsory
- Fined 1 shilling per absence
- Book of Common Prayer
- All parishes to have a copy of the Bible in English
- Going to church was compulsory
- Concessions
- Wording of the Communion Service was deliberately vague
- Churches allowed some decorations
- Certain vestments allowed
- Reforms
- Royal Injunctions
- Reinforce Acts
- Instructions on how to worship
- Licence to preach
- Appealed to Protestants and most Catholics
- Act of Supremacy
- Challenges to the Religious Settlement
- Puritans
- They hoped Elizabeth would make further reforms
- Vestment Controversy - Priests wouldn't wear the surplice
- Puritans didn't like the crucifix - was seen as idolism
- Nobility
- Large proportion were still Catholic
- Nobility was influencial outside of South-East
- Risk that they could overthrow
- Weren't forced to attend services
- France and Spain
- Risk of either country reversing the settlement
- Threat of French invasion faded with Wars of Religion
- Spain faced with revolt in Netherlands
- Puritans
- Mary, Queen of Scots
- Strong claim to English throne
- Mary was Elizabth's second cousin
- Catholic, so she was supported
- Elizabeth refused to make Mary heir for fear of plots
- Mary flees to England, 1568
- Unhappy marriage to Lord Darnley
- Darney was murdered in 1567
- Was thought that her and the Earl of Bothwell were behind it
- Mary marries Bothwell
- Unpopular with Scottish nobels, who rebelled
- Nobels forced her to abdicate
- Mary was imprisioned
- Mary hoped Elizabeth would help her regain control of her throne - Elizabeth would not
- Elizabeth imprisioned her to investigate Darnley's murder
- Elizabeth didn't want a guilty or not-guilty verdict
- No verdict was reached - Mary kept imprisioned
- Strong claim to English throne
- Society and Government, 1558
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