Quarks and Leptons
- Created by: John Salmon
- Created on: 21-05-17 13:31
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- Quarks and Leptons
- Particles
- Cosmic Rays
- Travel through space from stars, including the sun
- When they enter the Earth's atmosphere they ionise it, creating new short lived particles and antiparticles as well as photons
- High energy particles
- Tracks in a cloud/ bubble chamber tell us...
- The grater the ionisation the thicker the tracks. Slow heavy charged particles (e.g. alpha particles) leave thick tracks. Fast electrons leave thin irregular tracks.
- Uncharged particles leave no tracks. You can guess where they are from the gaps between other tracks.
- Positive and negative particles curve in opposite directions, when the chamber is operated in a magnetic field.
- The greater the momentum, the less curved the tracks. Particles spiral inwards as they lose energy through collisions
- Muon (heavy electron)
- Negative charge
- Rest mass more than 200 times that of an electron
- Pion (pie meson)
- Positive, negative or neutral
- Rest mass greater than a muon but less than a proton.
- Kaon (K meson)
- Positive, negative or neutral
- Rest mass greater than a pion but less than a proton
- Cosmic Rays
- Flavours of Quarks
- Up, Down, Strange (strange with most mass)
- Hadrons- particles that are made up of quarks
- Baryons- contain 3 quarks
- Quark combinations for baryons
- Proton: u,u,d
- Neutron: u,d,d
- Antiproton: anti-u, anti-u, anti-d
- Antineutron: anti-u, anti-d, anti-d
- Quark combinations for baryons
- Baryons- contain 3 quarks
- Conservation Rules
- Conservation of energy always applies.The rest energy of the products= total energy before- the kinetic energy of the products.
- Conservation of charge always applies.
- Strangeness is always conserved in a strong interaction, but not in a weak interaction.
- Baryon number is always conserved.
- Particles
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