punishment and prison
done in note form
- Created by: Rhianna Hall
- Created on: 12-06-14 16:27
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- Punishment & prison
- aims of punishment
- 2 justifications for pun
- 1) reduction (prev future crimes)
- deterrence - discourages people re-offending - makes an e.g of their crim - deters others
- rehabilitation - reform offenders ie. ed etc - anger management etc
- incapacitation - remove capacity to offend again - prison etc
- pun = instrumental (tools to reduce crime)
- 2) retribution (paying back)
- pun for crimes already committed
- form of revenge by soc for harming us
- pun = expressive (focus on pun, not reducing crime)
- 1) reduction (prev future crimes)
- 2 justifications for pun
- theories of pun
- Faucalt - issue of soc cont - soc = battleground of competing interests
- key is to gaining power = have cont over knowl & methods of achie this
- those who succeed in having their def of knowl accepted by gain power & use to enforce their view on world
- should be based on surv & pun
- key is to gaining power = have cont over knowl & methods of achie this
- Funct
- CJS = operating to look after int of soc as whole without anomie/ cont
- pun = expressive - soc emotions
- trial & pun = public & unifying - soc solid = created
- pun = functional
- 2 types of justice
- retributive (vengeful ag dev) - early soc
- restitutive (focus on reparing damage & restoring things to how they were) - mod soc
- Marxist
- CJS operates to ben r/c - law & police = agents of r/c
- function of pun = maint soc order
- Faucalt - issue of soc cont - soc = battleground of competing interests
- punishment - soc control
- key component of soc cont is pun
- allows to see how far soc goes to maint soc cont
- Durkheim - soc only exists if memb share common v's & coll consc
- legal sys put in place => boundaries
- mechanic soc - main idea = retribution (common v's are broken)
- organic soc (complex) - restitutive law (to to prison to mend wrong doings)
- Marxist - Rusche & Kircheimer
- law refl r/c & pun also refl their int
- Cap has allowed prisons to serve useful proposes, training workers for long hours in poor conditions
- law refl r/c & pun also refl their int
- key component of soc cont is pun
- role of prison
- changes in soc cont
- Cohen - key themes in changing nature of formal cont in West soc
- penetration, size & density & identity&visibility (crime used to be public - now subtle - CCTV etc
- Feeley & Simon - Actuarialism - try to get people before they commit crime
- agencies work out who is greatest risk & act ag them
- Cohen - key themes in changing nature of formal cont in West soc
- changes in soc cont
- alt to prison
- in past, deal w/ young offenders = diversion - keep away from CJS - av label & SFP
- instead, focus on welf, using comm based cont, like probation
- in past, deal w/ young offenders = diversion - keep away from CJS - av label & SFP
- pun through history
- pun has changed over time
- offenders were prev seen as having offended ag God
- aim of pun now = bring person back into soc
- has been shift f/ severe pun - e.g. torture
- aim of pun now = bring person back into soc
- offenders were prev seen as having offended ag God
- pun has changed over time
- prisons today
- in UK, prison seen as most severe pun
- doesn't seem that effective in rehab & reforming people
- 2/3 commit again
- many think pris are expensive & make people worse
- 2/3 commit again
- doesn't seem that effective in rehab & reforming people
- politicians pushing for tougher sentences - pris = overcrowded - pop = male (5% female), poorly ed
- mins = over-rep
- Garland - USA & UK = rapid increase in prison pop - makes Cap look better
- in UK, prison seen as most severe pun
- aims of punishment
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