Punishment
- Created by: Harriet
- Created on: 07-06-13 15:36
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- Punishment
- Trends in Punishment
- The changing role of prison
- In pre-industrail Europe, prison was for holding offenders prior to punishment
- Transcarceration
- There is a trend towards moving people between different institutions (care, young offenders then adult prison)
- Alternatives to prison
- An increase in community based controls, e.g. curfews, community service and tagging
- Cohen- It casts its net of control over more people
- Imprisonment today
- Since the 1980's there has been and increase in the use of prison sentences. most are young males and poorly educated
- USA is moving to mass incarceration with 3% of the population in some sort of punishment
- In Liberal society imprisonment is the most sever punishment
- Since the 1980's there has been and increase in the use of prison sentences. most are young males and poorly educated
- The changing role of prison
- Marxism: capitalism and punishment
- Punishment is part of the 'repressive state apparatus' that defends R/C property
- Capitalism use imprisonment as the dominant punishment because, in the capitalist economy, time is money and offenders 'pay' by doing time
- Foucault: The Birth of the Prison
- Contrast between 2 different forms of punishment
- Disciplinary power- becomes dominant from the C19th and seeks to govern not just the body but also the mind through surveillance
- The Panopticon illustrates this-not knowing if they are being watched prisoners must constantly behave as if they are
- Disciplinary power is now part of every aspect of society
- The Panopticon illustrates this-not knowing if they are being watched prisoners must constantly behave as if they are
- Sovereign power- in pre-modern society the monarch exercised physical power over peoples bodies and punishment was a visual spectacle
- Disciplinary power- becomes dominant from the C19th and seeks to govern not just the body but also the mind through surveillance
- Contrast between 2 different forms of punishment
- Durkheim: functionalist
- The function of punishment is to uphold social solidarity and reinforce shared values by expressing societies moral outrage at the offence
- two types of justice
- Restitutive justice- in modern society, there is extensive interdependence between individuals. Crime damages this and the function of justice should be to repair the damage
- Retributive justice- traditional society has a strong collective conscience, so punishment is severe and revengeful
- Different justifications for punishment
- Retribution
- society taking revenge
- Reduction
- Involve a deterrence, rehabilitation and incapacitation to prevent future crime
- Retribution
- Trends in Punishment
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