Psychopathology
knowledge organiser
- Created by: 14lquinn
- Created on: 19-03-20 09:11
View mindmap
- Psycho- pathology
- Definitions of abnormality
- STATISTICAL DEVIATION
- numerically unusual behaviour or characteristic
- intellectual disability disorder: IQ below 70 is part of diagnosis
- DEVIATION FROM SOCIAL NORMS
- social judgements about what is acceptable
- antisocial personality disorder: impulsive, aggressive, irresponsible behaviour not socially acceptable
- FAILURE TO FUNCTION ADEQUATELY
- failing to cope with demands of everyday life
- intellectual disability disorder: failing to funtion part od diagnosis as well as low IQ
- DEVIATION FROM IDEAL MENTAL HEALTH
- Jahoda considered normality rather than abnormality
- includes lack of symptoms, rationality, self-actualisation, coping with stress etc
- STATISTICAL DEVIATION
- Phobias
- CHARACTERISTICS
- BEHAVIOURAL: panic,avoidance/endurance
- EMOTIONAL: irrational fear/anxiety
- COGNITIVE: selective attention, irrational beliefs, cognitive distortions
- BEHAVIOUR EXPLN
- Two process model: Mowrer - two processes of conditioning
- aquisition by classical conditioning: unconditioned stimulus (UCS) produces fear response, UCS then associated with neutral stimulus
- maintenance by operant conditioning: avoidance of phobic stimulus reinforced by anxiety reduction, so phobia maintained
- TREAT - SYTST. DESENSITISATION
- anxiety hieracrchy: list of situations ranked for how much anxiety they cause
- relaxation: recipricol inhibition. includes breathing and/or imagery techniques
- exposure: exposed to phobic stimulus whilst relaxed at each level of anxiety hierarchy
- TREAT - FLOODING
- Exposes patients to very frightening situation without build-up
- works by extinction of conditioned fear response
- ethical safegards: patients must give informed consent to and be prepared for flooding
- CHARACTERISTICS
- Depression
- CHARACTERISTICS
- EMOTIONAL: low mood, anger (self+others), low self esteem
- BEHAVIOURAL: incr/decr sleep + eating, agression, self-harm, lethargy
- COGNITIVE: poor conc, negative bias, absolutist thinking
- COG EXPLN - BECK
- Faulty info processing: attending to negative aspects of situation
- Negative self-schemas: nagative info about ourselves is accessed whenever we encounter a self-relevant situation
- The negative triad: negative views of world, the self and the future
- COG EXPLN - ELLIS ABC MODEL
- Activating event: negative life event that triggers response
- Beliefs: lead us to over-react to activating event e.g. life should always be fair
- Consequence: depression results when we over-react to negative life events
- TREAT - BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY
- Beck's CT: aims to identify negative thoughts + challenge
- Ellis' REBT: aims to identify + challenge irrational beliefs by argument
- Behavioural activation: includes techniques from CT and REBT + behavioural techniques
- CHARACTERISTICS
- OCD
- CHARACTERISTICS
- EMOTIONAL: intense anxiety, depression, guilt/disgust
- COGNITIVE: obsessive thoughts, self-insight, cog strategies eg prayer
- BEHAVIOURAL: compulsions - decrease anxiety, avoid triggers
- BIO EXPLN - GENETIC
- Candidate genes: genes that may be involved in producing symptoms e.g. 5HTI-D beta
- polygenic: diff combinations of up to 230 gentic variations
- diff types of OCD: diff combinations of gene variations = diff types OCD
- BIO EXPLN - NEURAL
- serotonin: low levels linked to OCD
- decision-making systems: frontal lobes + parahippocampul gyrus may be mafuntioning
- TREAT - DRUG THERAPY
- SSRIs: antidepressants that increasec level of serotonin at synapse
- combining SSRIs with other treatments: e.g CBT or other drugs
- alternatives to SSRIs: clomipramine (acts on serotonin + other systems) or SNRIs (nonadrenaline)
- CHARACTERISTICS
- Definitions of abnormality
Comments
No comments have yet been made